Data for: Signatures in the Gut Microbiome of German Elite Athletes: Insights from a Matched-Subgroup Analysis
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Elite athletes undergo intense phyn of their gut microbiome. This study compared the gut microbiomes of 148 German junior and senior elite athletes with those of 108 healthy adults to identify taxonomic and functional features associated with elite athletic status. Group comparisons were conducted between healthy adults, senior athletes, and junior athletes, and a matched-subgroup analysis was performed in adults only, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and dietary pattern. Significant differences in taxonomic composition were observed between athletes and healthy adults. Healthy adults exhibited greater microbial evenness and diversity than junior athletes, whereasical training and experience substantial physiological stress, which could affect the composition and functios senior athletes displayed higher microbial richness. Principal coordinate analysis revealed distinct clustering by athletic status. LEfSe identified taxa such as Escherichia-Shigella as being enriched in athletes. Predictive metagenomic profiling (PICRUSt2) indicated differences in microbial functional potential between adult athletes and matched controls, including pathways related to amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and quinone biosynthesis. Together, these findings demonstrate distinct taxonomic and predicted functional microbiome signatures associated with elite athletic status. Sequences archived under NCBI BioProject: PRJNA1259926
优秀运动员承受高强度训练并经历显著的生理应激，这可能会影响其肠道微生物组（gut microbiome）的组成与功能。本研究纳入148名德国青少年及成年优秀运动员，与108名健康成年人的肠道微生物组进行比对，旨在挖掘与优秀竞技体育身份相关的分类学及功能特征。研究对健康成年人、成年运动员与青少年运动员三组开展组间比较，并仅在成年人亚组中进行了匹配亚组分析，控制了年龄、性别、体重指数及饮食模式这几个混杂变量。研究观察到运动员与健康成年人之间的肠道菌群分类组成存在显著差异。健康成年人的微生物均匀度与多样性均高于青少年运动员，而成年运动员则展现出更高的微生物丰富度。主坐标分析显示，不同竞技身份的样本呈现出明显的聚类特征。线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）鉴定出埃希氏菌-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）等类群在运动员群体中显著富集。预测宏基因组谱分析（PICRUSt2）结果显示，成年运动员与匹配对照组的微生物功能潜能存在显著差异，涉及氨基酸代谢、糖酵解、脂肪酸β-氧化以及醌类生物合成等相关通路。综上，上述研究结果证实了与优秀竞技体育身份相关的独特肠道菌群分类学特征与预测功能特征。相关序列已存档于NCBI生物项目（NCBI BioProject）：PRJNA1259926
