TOM: Target and Observation Manager Systems for Multi-Messenger and Time Domain Astrophysics

Time Domain/Multi-Messenger Astrophysics is opening up new discovery space for a wealth of celestial objects that change brightness, move or emit signatures across the electromagnetic spectrum, grativational waves and neutrinos. Thanks to modern wide-angle/all-sky surveys and improvements in data management at large scales, astronomers are notified of new discoveries within minutes. However, the data from the initial detection are often insufficient to fully understand the underlying physics, and additional follow-up observations are required from a range of other telescopes. Such follow-up programs are essential to realise the full scientific potential of major surveys such as the NSF-DOE's Vera C. Rubin Observatory. These programs can be a major undertaking in an era of thousands of new discoveries per night.Target and Observation Manager systems (TOMs) are software platforms designed to manage all data and software processes needed to run a scientific project, capable of rapidly responding to new discoveries. They interface with external data services such as alert brokers and data archives, provide data visualization tools and interface with the user's preferred analysis software, and can request observations directly from suitable follow-up telescopes.The TOM Toolkit is an open-source package designed to make it straight forward for astronomers to build and customize a TOM system for the user's own science goals. In this poster we summarize new functionality implemented to enable the characterization of Rubin Observatory discoveries, and the partnerships we have formed with community user groups to enable a range of research and new capabilities.时域/多信使天体物理学（Time Domain/Multi-Messenger Astrophysics）为众多亮度发生变化、自行运动或在电磁波段、引力波（gravitational waves）以及中微子（neutrinos）领域辐射特征信号的天体开辟了全新的探索空间。得益于现代广角/全天空巡天项目以及大规模数据管理技术的进步，天文学家可在数分钟内获知新的天文发现。然而，初始探测获得的数据往往不足以完全阐释其内在物理机制，因此需要借助一系列其他望远镜开展后续观测。此类后续观测项目对于充分发挥NSF-DOE资助的薇拉·C·鲁宾天文台（Vera C. Rubin Observatory）等大型巡天项目的科学潜力至关重要。在每夜可发现数千个新天体的时代，这类项目往往是一项繁重的任务。目标与观测管理系统（Target and Observation Manager systems，TOMs）是为管理科研项目所需的全部数据与软件流程而设计的软件平台，可快速响应新发现。这类系统可与警报经纪人（alert brokers）、数据档案库（data archives）等外部数据服务对接，提供数据可视化工具，并与用户偏好的分析软件交互，还可直接向合适的后续望远镜提出观测申请。TOM工具包（TOM Toolkit）是一款开源软件包，旨在帮助天文学家轻松构建并定制符合自身科研目标的TOM系统。在本海报中，我们总结了为实现鲁宾天文台发现天体的特性表征而新增的功能，以及我们与社区用户团体合作打造的一系列研究工具与新功能。