NSW nearshore wave buoy parameter time series data (active deployments)

In-situ ocean wave measurements have been collected at nearshore locations along the NSW coast. Wave data are collected using GPS wave buoys that are deployed by NSW DCCEEW scientists on moorings in shallow coastal waters (< 35 m water depth) adjacent to beaches or rocky shores. The program currently uses Sofar Spotter wave buoys (https://www.sofarocean.com/products/spotter). During 2016-2017, Datawell DWR-G4 wave buoys (https://www.datawell.nl/Products/Buoys.aspx) were used, while in 2018 and 2019 both Datawell and Spotter wave buoys were used. A buoy comparison experiment was carried out in 2018, which found that wave data measured by Datawell and Spotter buoys at the same location could be considered equivalent.\r\n\r\nThe wave buoys are tethered to moorings at deployment locations and float on the water surface, measuring the height, period and direction of passing waves by tracking the motion of the buoy through time using GPS. The deployments are temporary, and the duration of each wave buoy deployment varies with operational needs, ranging from several months to years. Deployment locations are chosen to support scientific research carried by NSW DCCEEW and partners on coastal dynamics along the NSW coastline and to develop nearshore wave modelling tools and data. Wave data and research support the development of Coastal Management Programs (CMPs) under the Coastal Management Act (2016).\r\n\r\nThe real-time wave data from live buoy deployments includes time-series charts of key parameters describing wave height, period and direction over a rolling seven-day window. The parameters are derived on board the buoy using wave spectra analysis and include significant wave height (Hm0), mean wave period (Tm01), peak wave period (TP), mean wave direction (DirM) and peak wave direction (DirP). Wind speed and direction estimated from the measured wave spectra are also provided. Parameters are plotted at half-hour intervals in local time - Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) or Australian Eastern Daylight Time (AEDT) - and the data time series are updated once every hour as new data points are received. The data are received directly from deployed wave buoy instruments via satellite transmission and are not quality assessed or controlled in any way. Various factors may cause erroneous data points and users are advised to exercise caution when using the data. The data are provided for general information purposes only and should not be relied upon for coastal hazard advice or to guide operational activities. \r\n\r\nProcessed wave data that has passed quality assurance and control tests are also available on SEED, and could be used for coastal hazard advice or assessments: https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/nsw-nearshore-wave-buoy-parameter-time-series-data-completed-deployments.\r\n \r\nFor more information on wave buoy data collection and processing, please see:\r\nKinsela, M.A., Morris, B.D., Ingleton, T.C., Doyle, T. B. et al. (2024) Nearshore wave buoy data from southeastern Australia for coastal research and management. Scientific Data. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02865-x\r\n\r\nWave buoy equipment and deployments have been primarily funded by NSW DCCEEW with equipment grant funding from the NSW Office of the Chief Scientist and Engineer’s Research Attraction and Acceleration Program (RAAP) awarded to the NSW Node of the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) and administered by the Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS). The Water Research Laboratory (UNSW Sydney) also provided wave buoys used in the program. For more information on the NSW Nearshore Waves program please visit: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/water/ocean-and-coastal-waves

本数据集采集了新南威尔士州（New South Wales，NSW）沿岸近岸海域的原位海浪实测数据。数据采集工作由新南威尔士州气候变化、能源、环境与水利部（NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, NSW DCCEEW）的科研人员完成，他们将全球定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）海浪浮标部署在毗邻海滩或岩岸的浅近岸海域（水深小于35米）的锚泊系统上。本项目目前采用Sofar Spotter海浪浮标（访问链接：https://www.sofarocean.com/products/spotter）。2016-2017年间，项目使用的是Datawell DWR-G4海浪浮标（访问链接：https://www.datawell.nl/Products/Buoys.aspx）；2018至2019年，则同时使用Datawell与Spotter两类浮标。2018年开展了浮标对比试验，结果表明，同一站位处Datawell与Spotter浮标测得的海浪数据具有等效性。

海浪浮标通过系缆固定于部署站位的锚泊系统，漂浮于海面，通过GPS实时追踪浮标运动轨迹，以获取过往海浪的波高、周期与方向数据。本次部署为临时性任务，单次浮标部署时长根据业务需求而定，范围从数月至数年不等。部署站位的选择旨在支撑新南威尔士州气候变化、能源、环境与水利部及其合作方开展的新南威尔士州沿岸海岸动力学研究，并助力近岸海浪模拟工具与数据集的开发。本项目的海浪数据与相关研究可支撑《2016年海岸管理法案》下的海岸管理计划（Coastal Management Programs, CMPs）制定工作。

当前活跃浮标部署项目的实时海浪数据包含滚动7天窗口内的关键参数时序图，这些参数用于表征海浪的波高、周期与方向。参数通过浮标内置的海浪谱分析算法计算得到，包括有效波高（significant wave height, Hm0）、平均波周期（mean wave period, Tm01）、峰值波周期（peak wave period, TP）、平均波向（mean wave direction, DirM）与峰值波向（peak wave direction, DirP）。此外，数据集还提供通过实测海浪谱反演得到的风速与风向数据。参数以澳大利亚东部标准时间（Australian Eastern Standard Time, AEST）或澳大利亚东部夏令时（Australian Eastern Daylight Time, AEDT）的当地时间为准，每半小时绘制一次图表；随着新数据点的接收，时序数据每小时更新一次。本数据通过卫星传输直接从部署中的海浪浮标获取，未经过任何质量评估与控制。多种因素均可能导致数据点出现误差，建议使用者在使用数据时谨慎行事。本数据集仅用于提供一般性参考，不可用于海岸灾害咨询或指导业务活动。

已通过质量保证与质量控制测试的处理后海浪数据同样可在SEED平台获取，该类数据可用于海岸灾害咨询与评估，访问链接：https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/nsw-nearshore-wave-buoy-parameter-time-series-data-completed-deployments。

如需了解海浪浮标数据采集与处理的更多细节，请参阅：Kinsela, M.A.、Morris, B.D.、Ingleton, T.C.、Doyle, T.B.等（2024）《澳大利亚东南部近岸海浪浮标数据：用于海岸研究与管理》，刊载于《Scientific Data》，DOI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02865-x。

海浪浮标设备与部署工作主要由新南威尔士州气候变化、能源、环境与水利部（NSW DCCEEW）资助，同时获得了新南威尔士州首席科学家与工程师办公室的研究吸引与加速计划（Research Attraction and Acceleration Program, RAAP）提供的设备资助金，该资助金授予综合海洋观测系统新南威尔士州节点（Integrated Marine Observing System NSW Node, IMOS NSW Node），并由悉尼海洋科学研究所（Sydney Institute of Marine Science, SIMS）负责管理。新南威尔士大学悉尼分校水研究实验室（Water Research Laboratory, UNSW Sydney）也为本项目提供了海浪浮标。如需了解新南威尔士州近岸海浪项目的更多信息，请访问：https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/water/ocean-and-coastal-waves。