A Systematic Review of Large Agriculture Vehicles Use and Crash Incidents on Public Roads

Background: Agricultural vehicles are a common sight on rural public roads. However, due to their larger mass (height, width, length, and weight), there are concerns about safety. The aim of this paper is to explore crash incidents on public roads of agricultural vehicles to determine the size of the problem, risk factors, and potential prevention strategies. Methods: A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was undertaken of peer-reviewed literature from Medline, Agricola, Scopus, PsycInfo, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SafetyLit. Crash incident rates, risk factors, and prevention strategies were extracted from the articles, and a review of quality was undertaken using McMasters guidelines. Results: Included in the review were 30 articles, with the majority from the United States. Crash risk rates, where reported, were low relative to agricultural vehicle use and when compared to overall road crash numbers. Crash risk factors included weather and visibility, age, personal and driving characteristics, road conditions, and event characteristics. Prevention strategies proposed were targeted at drivers and operators, vehicles, road design, driving behavior, and surveillance, policy, and technology. Conclusions: Overall, reported crash numbers involving large agricultural vehicles were low. Currently, there is limited capacity to calculate exposure rates compounded by the difficulties in identifying road incidents that involve agriculture vehicles. Better surveillance systems are required to improve our understanding of exposure and crash incident rates. Future research into the multiplicity of interrelated factors involved in agriculture vehicle crashes on roads, exposure rates, and evidence for the effectiveness of the prevention strategies is required.背景：农用车辆在农村公共道路上随处可见。但由于其较大的体量（包括高度、宽度、长度与总质量），其道路行驶安全性备受关注。本研究旨在探究农用车辆在公共道路上的碰撞事故情况，以明确该问题的严重程度、风险影响因素及潜在防控策略。 方法：采用PRISMA指南对Medline、Agricola、Scopus、PsycInfo、Science Direct、Web of Science及SafetyLit收录的同行评议文献开展系统综述。从纳入文献中提取碰撞事故发生率、风险因素及防控策略，并采用McMasters指南对文献质量进行评价。 结果：本次综述共纳入30篇文献，其中大部分来自美国。现有报告显示，相较于农用车辆的使用规模及整体道路碰撞事故总量而言，农用车辆碰撞事故风险率处于较低水平。碰撞风险影响因素涵盖天气与能见度、驾驶员年龄、个人及驾驶特征、道路状况以及事故场景特征。所提出的防控策略针对驾驶员与操作人员、车辆本身、道路设计、驾驶行为以及监测监管、政策与技术多个维度。 结论：总体而言，现有报告中涉及大型农用车辆的碰撞事故数量较少。当前，由于难以识别涉及农用车辆的道路事故，导致事故暴露率的计算能力存在显著局限。亟需建立更完善的监测系统，以提升对事故暴露率与碰撞事故发生率的认知水平。未来需针对道路上农用车辆碰撞事故涉及的多重关联因素、事故暴露率以及防控策略有效性的实证依据开展进一步研究。