Distribution of the late Quaternary paleo-permafrost.

Distribution of paleo-permafrost for the three eras in the late Quaternary (for the pre-industrial [0ka], the Holocene Optimum [6ka], and the Last Glacial Maximum [21ka]) was reproduced from the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison phase II (PMIP2) meteorological data, by use of statistical and physical models. The statistical model was constructed by the present-day freezing and thawing indexes, and the corresponding frozen ground type (Saito et al. 2009). The physical models are a) the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Lab (GIPL) permafrost dynamics model, and b) the MATSIRO land surface scheme in a Japanese GCM (MIROC) refined for the permafrost dynamics (Saito 2008).

The work was partially supported by NSF Grant number ARC-0327664, 0652838. The MIROC GCM was developed by AORI (Univ. Tokyo), NIES and RIGC (JAMSTEC), Japan. Simulations were partly done at the Arctic Research Supercomputing Center (ARSC).

本数据集重建了晚第四纪三个时期的古多年冻土（paleo-permafrost）分布，分别为工业革命前（0 ka，即距今0千年）、全新世大暖期（6 ka，距今6千年）与末次冰盛期（21 ka，距今21千年）。数据源自古气候模式比较计划第二阶段（Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Phase II, PMIP2）的气象数据集，通过统计模型与物理模型两类方法生成。其中统计模型以当前冻融指数及对应冻土类型为基础构建（Saito et al., 2009）；物理模型包含两类：a）地球物理研究所冻土实验室（Geophysical Institute Permafrost Lab, GIPL）多年冻土动力学模型，b）日本全球大气环流模式（MIROC）中针对冻土动力学优化的MATSIRO陆面过程方案（Saito, 2008）。

本研究部分受美国国家科学基金会（NSF）资助，资助编号为ARC-0327664与0652838。MIROC全球大气环流模式由日本东京大学大气海洋研究所（AORI, 东京大学）、日本国立环境研究所（NIES）及日本海洋科技中心（JAMSTEC）极地研究中心（RIGC）联合开发。本研究的模拟计算部分工作于北极研究超级计算中心（Arctic Research Supercomputing Center, ARSC）完成。