Parkes observations for project P1238 semester 2023OCTS_03

Young and energetic pulsars can power strong pulsar wind nebula (PWN), which can be observed from radio to X-ray and beyond. Thanks to the superior sensitivity of the ASKAP EMU survey, we are able to identify new PWNe in the Galactic plane, and use them to guide our search of radio pulsars. This strategy was demonstrated successful by the recent discovery of a high dispersion measure (DM) pulsar powering a bow-shocked PWN with one of the longest tail. Recently, we analysed several EMU fields covering the Galactic plane and identified another four new PWNe candidates. Here we propose to use the Parkes UWL receiver to carry out targeted search of radio pulsars powering these PWNe. Since these system are located in the Galactic plane and can be distant, we expect them to have large DMs. Such high DMs will lead to strong scattering and smearing and make pulsars undetectable in previous pulsar surveys. The wide frequency coverage of UWL, especially the high frequencies, will allow us to avoid these effects and therefore offer us a better chance to find these pulsars.

年轻且具高能量的脉冲星能够驱动形成强烈的脉冲星风云（pulsar wind nebula, PWN），这类天体可在射电至X射线乃至更宽的波段范围内被观测到。得益于ASKAP的EMU巡天项目卓越的灵敏度，我们得以在银道面中识别出新的脉冲星风云，并以此为指引开展射电脉冲星搜寻工作。该策略已在近期的一项发现中得到成功验证——研究人员找到了一颗高色散量（dispersion measure, DM）脉冲星，其驱动的弓形激波脉冲星风云拥有迄今最长的喷流之一。近期，我们对覆盖银道面的多个EMU巡天天区进行了分析，又识别出4个新的脉冲星风云候选体。在此基础上，我们提议使用帕克斯（Parkes）UWL接收机对这些脉冲星风云所驱动的射电脉冲星开展靶向搜寻。由于这类天体系统位于银道面且距离遥远，我们预期它们会拥有较大的色散量。如此高的色散量将引发强烈的散射与脉冲展宽效应，导致这些脉冲星在以往的巡天观测中无法被探测到。UWL接收机的宽频率覆盖范围，尤其是高频段覆盖能力，将使我们能够规避上述效应，从而大幅提升发现这类脉冲星的概率。