how to generate and test hypotheses about colour: insights from half a century of guppy research

Colouration facilitates evolutionary investigations in nature because the interaction between genotype, phenotype and environment is relatively accessible. In a landmark set of studies, Endler addressed this complexity by demonstrating that the evolution of male Trinidadian guppy colouration is shaped by the local balance between selection for mate attractiveness versus crypsis. This became a textbook paradigm for how antagonistic selective pressures may determine evolutionary trajectories in the wild. Recent studies have, however, challenged the generality of this paradigm. Here we respond to these challenges by reviewing five important yet underappreciated factors that contribute to colour pattern evolution: (1) inter-population variation in female preference, (2) differences in how predators versus conspecifics view males, (3) biased assessment of pigmentary versus structural colouration, (4) the importance of accounting for multi-species predator communities, and (5) the importance ..., For more detail, refer Notes.txt file., , # Data from: how to generate and test hypotheses about colour: insights from half a century of guppy research

| File Name | Data Summary |
| --------- | ------------ |
| Spot area and number.csv | average area in mm2 of orange, black, and yellow color on body, body area, and number of spots of each color per fish. |
| Colormesh\_data.csv | raw RBG values for each pixel sampled by colormesh. |
| Aripo1.s1.4.5.78.bmp | group photo for Aripo 1 population (low predation). |
| Aripo1.s2.4.5.78.bmp | \" |
| Aripo1.s3.4.5.78.bmp | \" |
| Aripo1.s4.4.5.78.bmp | \" |
| Aripo6.s1.2.3.78.bmp | group photo for Aripo 6 population (high predation). |
| Aripo6.s2.02.03.78.bmp | \" |
| Aripo6.s3.02.03.78.bmp | \" |
| Arima1.s1.16.7.75.bmp | group photo for Arima 1 population (high predation). |
| Arima1.s2.16.7.75.bmp | \" |
| Arima5.12.07.75.bmp | group photo for Arima 5 population (low predation). |

### A description of column headings

#### Spot area and number.csv

* pop = population
* River = river, A...

体色（colouration）是自然进化研究的重要抓手，因其涉及的基因型、表型与环境间的相互作用相对易于解析。在一项具有里程碑意义的系列研究中，恩德勒（Endler）通过研究阐明，特立尼达雄孔雀鱼（guppy）的体色演化由择偶吸引力选择与隐蔽性选择之间的局部平衡所塑造，从而解决了这一复杂问题。该研究成为阐释拮抗选择压力如何决定野外进化轨迹的教科书级范式。然而，近期研究对这一范式的普适性提出了挑战。本文针对这些挑战展开回应，综述了五个重要却未得到充分重视的体色图案演化影响因素：(1) 雌性择偶偏好的种群间差异；(2) 捕食者与同种个体对雄鱼视觉感知的差异；(3) 对色素色与结构色的评估偏差；(4) 需纳入多物种捕食者群落的重要性；以及(5) ...... 更多细节请参阅Notes.txt文件。

# 数据来源：如何构建与验证体色相关假说：半个世纪孔雀鱼研究的启示

| 文件名 | 数据摘要 |
| --------- | ------------ |
| Spot area and number.csv | 每条样本鱼身体上橙色、黑色与黄色斑块的平均面积（单位：mm²）、身体面积，以及每种颜色斑块的数量。 |
| Colormesh_data.csv | 通过色面扫描（colormesh）采样得到的每个像素的原始RGB值。 |
| Aripo1.s1.4.5.78.bmp | 阿里波1号种群（低捕食压力）的群体照片。 |
| Aripo1.s2.4.5.78.bmp | 同上 |
| Aripo1.s3.4.5.78.bmp | 同上 |
| Aripo1.s4.4.5.78.bmp | 同上 |
| Aripo6.s1.2.3.78.bmp | 阿里波6号种群（高捕食压力）的群体照片。 |
| Aripo6.s2.02.03.78.bmp | 同上 |
| Aripo6.s3.02.03.78.bmp | 同上 |
| Arima1.s1.16.7.75.bmp | 阿里马1号种群（高捕食压力）的群体照片。 |
| Arima1.s2.16.7.75.bmp | 同上 |
| Arima5.12.07.75.bmp | 阿里马5号种群（低捕食压力）的群体照片。 |

### 列名说明
#### Spot area and number.csv
* pop = 种群（population）
* River = 河流，A...