VPRS 19233 Court of Petty Sessions, Adoption Case Files, Echuca

This series comprises records of adoption cases heard at the Court of Petty Sessions in Echuca. Researchers should note that in some instances, adoption cases were lodged at one court and then later heard at another, usually at a larger regional court. Often, these cases were re-registered, but this practice does not appear to be consistent. Adoption in Victoria 1929 – 1958 The adoption of children was first regulated by legislation with the commencement of the Adoption of Children Act 1928 (Vic). This Act established adoption as a legal transfer of custody and parental responsibility and gave responsibility for making adoption orders to the courts. Prior to this time, adoptions were informal arrangements often made by private infants’ homes. Under the Act, an adoption application could be heard by the Supreme Court (VA 2549), County Court (VA 686), or Court of Petty Sessions. The choice of court depended upon the circumstances of the case and the wishes of the parties. Adoption cases could be heard at the Court of Petty Sessions closest to where either the applicant(s) or the child resided. The Court could grant an adoption order if several parties gave their written consent to the adoption, namely the child’s natural parent(s) or guardian(s); the person having custody of the child; any person liable to contribute to the support of the child; or where the applicant was married, the applicant’s spouse. If the consent of any of these persons could not be obtained in writing, a higher court had to be used. Should the applicant(s) (i.e., the prospective adoptive parent(s)) choose, the County Court could grant an adoption order in any circumstance. The Supreme Court could grant an adoption order in any circumstance. Adoption in Victoria 1958 - present The passing of the Adoption of Children Act 1958 (Vic) removed the jurisdiction of the Court of Petty Sessions to grant adoption orders. Since that time the County and Supreme Courts have had the power to grant adoption orders, although in practice most have been granted by the County Court. Cases involving interstate and international adoptions are generally handled by the Supreme Court. With the changes brought about by the Adoption of Children Act 1984 (Vic), the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (BDM) (VA 983) obtained the original court records, wherever possible, from the Courts to enable them to obtain sufficient information to prepare "birth certificates" containing more information for adopted persons. All records in custody of the courts as of 1 January 1989 therefore came under the management and control of BDM. BDM also provides adoption information to Adoption Information Services from these records. Any records created after that date are still the responsibility of the respective Court as BDM are only able to request a memorandum of the adoption order, rather than the complete file.  Contents Adoption case files generally include: Adoption orders, adoption certificates Affidavits Birth certificate of child Summonses Guardian's consent for child to be adopted Identification documents Declarations Memoranda and correspondence Medical reports of the adopted child Where no date of adoption order is given, this is generally indicative of the adoption order not being issued. Adopted Children Register Under section 17 (1) of the Adoption of Children Act 1928 and the subsequent adoption acts, the Government Statist was required to establish and maintain an Adopted Children Register (VPRS 11683) in which entries were made as directed by adoption orders (VPRS 11682). All courts were required to inform the Office of the Government Statist and Actuary (VA 989) of adoption orders granted from 1929 to 1983, then BDM from 1983 onwards. Researchers should note that the Adopted Children Registration Number given in the central register does not correspond to the case file number assigned by the court.

本系列数据集收录了伊丘卡（Echuca）简易裁判法院（Court of Petty Sessions）审理的收养案件档案。研究人员需注意，部分收养案件最初会在某一法院提交，后续转至另一法院（通常为规模更大的区域法院）审理。此类案件常需重新登记，但该操作并无统一规范。

## 维多利亚州1929-1958年收养制度
1928年《维多利亚州儿童收养法》（Adoption of Children Act 1928 (Vic)）正式生效后，儿童收养首次纳入法律监管框架。该法将收养定义为监护权与父母责任的合法转移，并将收养裁决权赋予法院。在此之前，收养多为私人婴儿收容机构主导的非正式安排。
根据该法，收养申请可由最高法院（VA 2549）、县法院（VA 686）或简易裁判法院审理。法院的选择取决于案件具体情况及当事人意愿。
简易裁判法院的管辖范围为申请人或儿童居住地邻近的辖区。若满足以下多方书面同意条件，该法院可作出收养裁决：儿童的亲生父母/监护人、实际照料儿童的人员、有义务抚养儿童的人员；若申请人为已婚人士，则需同时获得申请人配偶的同意。
若无法获取上述任一主体的书面同意，则需由上级法院审理。若申请人（即拟收养父母）自愿选择，县法院可在任意情形下作出收养裁决；最高法院同样可在任意情形下作出收养裁决。

## 维多利亚州1958年至今收养制度
1958年《维多利亚州儿童收养法》（Adoption of Children Act 1958 (Vic)）的出台取消了简易裁判法院的收养裁决管辖权。自此之后，收养裁决权仅由县法院与最高法院行使，实践中绝大多数收养裁决由县法院作出，涉及州际及国际收养的案件通常由最高法院审理。
随着1984年《维多利亚州儿童收养法》（Adoption of Children Act 1984 (Vic)）的修订，出生、死亡和婚姻登记处（Births, Deaths and Marriages, 简称BDM，VA 983）开始从各法院收集原始案卷，以便为被收养人制备包含更详细信息的"出生证明"。因此，1989年1月1日之前由各法院保管的所有案卷，均移交至BDM管理与管控。BDM还可通过此类案卷向收养信息服务机构提供收养相关信息。
1989年1月1日之后生成的案卷仍由对应法院保管，因BDM仅可申请获取收养裁决备忘录，而非完整案卷。

## 案卷内容
收养案件案卷通常包含以下材料：
收养裁决书、收养证明、宣誓书、儿童出生证明、传票、儿童收养监护人同意书、身份证明文件、声明书、备忘录与往来函件、被收养儿童的医疗报告。
若案卷未标注收养裁决日期，通常意味着该收养裁决尚未签发。

## 被收养儿童登记册
根据1928年《儿童收养法》及后续相关收养法案第17条第1款的规定，政府统计官需设立并维护被收养儿童登记册（VPRS 11683），并按照收养裁决的要求进行登记（VPRS 11682）。1929年至1983年间，所有法院需向政府统计官与法务官办公室（VA 989）通报作出的收养裁决；1983年起，该通报职责转由BDM承担。
研究人员需注意：中央登记册中的被收养儿童登记编号，与法院分配的案卷编号并不一致。