Data from: Ultraconserved element phylogenomics and biogeography of the agriculturally important mason bee subgenus Osmia (Osmia)

One of the most important non‐Apis groups of bees for agriculture is the mason bee subgenus Osmia Panzer (Osmia), or Osmia s.s. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Out of the 29 known species, four have been developed as managed pollinators of orchards. In addition, the group is important as a source of non‐native pollinators, given that several species have been introduced into new areas. Osmia s.s. occurs naturally throughout the northern temperate zone with greatest species richness in Europe and Asia. Here, we integrate phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), near complete taxon sampling, and a diversity of analytical approaches to infer the phylogeny, divergence times, and biogeographic history of Osmia s.s. We also demonstrate how mitochondrial sequence data can be extracted from ultraconserved element data and combined with sequences from public repositories in order to test the phylogeny, examine species boundaries and identify specimen‐associated, non‐bee DNA. We resolve the phylogeny of Osmia s.s. and show strong support that Nearctic Osmia ribifloris is the sister group to the rest of the subgenus. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the group originated during the Late Miocene in the West Nearctic plus East Palearctic region following dispersal from the East Palearctic to the West Nearctic across the Bering land bridge prior to its closure 5.5–4.8 Ma. The mitochondrial DNA results reveal potential taxonomic synonymies involving Osmia yanbianensis and Osmia opima, and Osmia rufina, Osmia rufinoides, and Osmia taurus.在农业生产中至关重要的非蜜蜂属（Apis）蜂类类群之一，为壁蜂亚属（Osmia Panzer），即狭义壁蜂亚属（Osmia s.s.），隶属于膜翅目（Hymenoptera）切叶蜂科（Megachilidae）。在已知的29个物种中，已有4个被开发为果园的商业化授粉昆虫。此外，由于多个物种已被引入新分布区域，该类群作为外来授粉昆虫资源也具有重要价值。狭义壁蜂亚属自然分布于整个北温带区域，物种丰富度以欧洲和亚洲最高。本研究整合了来自超保守元件（ultraconserved elements, UCEs）的系统基因组学数据、近乎全覆盖的类群采样方案，以及多样化的分析方法，以解析狭义壁蜂亚属的系统发育关系、分化时间及生物地理历史。本研究同时展示了如何从超保守元件数据中提取线粒体序列数据，并结合公共数据库中的序列，以验证系统发育关系、检验物种界限，并鉴定标本关联的非蜂类DNA。本研究解析了狭义壁蜂亚属的系统发育关系，结果强烈支持新北区的肋壁蜂（Osmia ribifloris）为该亚属其余类群的姊妹群。生物地理分析显示，该类群起源于晚中新世的新北西部与古北东部区域，其祖先类群曾在白令陆桥关闭前（5.5~4.8百万年前）从古北东部跨陆桥扩散至新北西部。线粒体DNA分析结果显示，存在潜在的分类同物异名情况，涉及延边壁蜂（Osmia yanbianensis）与粗壮壁蜂（Osmia opima），以及红壁蜂（Osmia rufina）、类红壁蜂（Osmia rufinoides）和牛壁蜂（Osmia taurus）。