Dataset on the yield characteristics of winter wheat in the alluvial area of the old Yellow River course in Eastern Henan within the Huang Huai plain from 2008 to 2020

The yield of winter wheat is directly related to the stability of the agricultural product market and the broader national food security. Achieving stable and high yields of winter wheat holds significant strategic importance within the national food security framework. To this end, the Shangqiu Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Shangqiu Station), located in the core area of the Huang Huai Plain, strictly adheres to the technical requirements and operational procedures outlined in the Protocols for Standard Biological Observation and Measurement in Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Observation Indicators and Standards for the National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu. It continuously conducts long-term observations on the yield characteristics of winter wheat at maturity, ensuring the standardization, accuracy, and reliability of the observational data. This dataset is based on the continuous observation results of winter wheat yield characteristics at six typical farmlands during the maturity period from 2008 to 2020 at the Shangqiu Station. It systematically compiles core indicators, including basic seedling count, population plant height, total stems per plant, total spikes per plant, grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, grain yield per plant, total aboveground dry weight, and yield per unit area. This dataset provides critical foundational data for analyzing the impact mechanisms of extreme climate changes on winter wheat yield formation, revealing the correlative effects of water and fertilizer conditions and pest occurrences on yield, as well as calibrating and optimizing winter wheat growth models and yield estimation algorithms.