Extinction debt of species and interactions in a fragmented landscape

Addressing the worldwide biodiversity crisis in fragmented landscapes requires considering both immediate and delayed extinctions—the extinction debt. Assuming a paid debt in long-fragmented habitats, we examined the potentially unpaid debt in recently fragmented habitats as the difference between the current richness of species and interactions and their richness expected from area and connectivity for long-fragmented habitats.
, We selected 14 remnant habitat fragments of Monte dryland in an agricultural region of central-western Argentina. To distinguish between recently and long-fragmented habitats, we defined long-fragmented habitats as fragments that experienced significant changes before 2003, and recently fragmented habitats, after 2003. We measured current areas and connectivities using the 2015 map, while for past areas and connectivities we used the 2003 map. To estimate fragment connectivity, we calculated the sum of the shortest geographical distances between neighboring fragments. To estimate current richness of plants, herbivorous insects, parasitoids, and their trophic interactions in the habitat fragments, we sampled at the centroid of each fragment in the austral spring and summer between 2015 and 2017. We measured plant-herbivore interaction richness as the number of individual interactions of plant-gall, plant-mine, plant-aphid colony, and plant-scale insect observed in the field. Then, we mea..., , # Data from: Extinction debt of species and interactions in a fragmented landscape

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmzb](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmzb)

## Description of the data and file structure

We selected 14 remnant habitat fragments of Monte dryland in an agricultural region of central-western Argentina. We defined long-fragmented habitats as fragments that experienced significant changes before 2003, and recently fragmented habitats, after 2003. We measured current areas and connectivities using the 2015 map, while for past areas and connectivities we used the 2003 map. To estimate fragment connectivity, we calculated the sum of the shortest geographical distances between neighboring fragments. To estimate current richness of plants, herbivorous insects, parasitoids, and their trophic interactions in the habitat fragments, we sampled at the centroid of each fragment in the austral spring and summer between 2015 and 2017. We measured plant-herbivore interaction ri...,

应对破碎化景观中的全球生物多样性危机，需要同时考量瞬时灭绝与延迟灭绝——即灭绝债务（extinction debt）。我们假设长期破碎化生境中的灭绝债务已被清偿，进而以长期破碎化生境中基于面积与连通性预测的物种及交互作用丰富度，与当前实际物种及交互作用丰富度的差值，评估近期破碎化生境中尚未清偿的潜在灭绝债务。
我们于阿根廷中西部农业区域选取了14片蒙特干旱生境（Monte dryland）残留生境片段。为区分近期破碎化与长期破碎化生境，我们将2003年前发生显著景观变化的生境片段定义为长期破碎化生境，2003年后发生变化的则为近期破碎化生境。我们基于2015年的地图测算当前生境面积与连通性，而过往的面积与连通性则以2003年的地图为基准计算。为估算生境片段的连通性，我们计算了相邻片段间最短地理距离的总和。为测算生境片段内植物、植食性昆虫、寄生性昆虫（parasitoids）及其营养交互作用的当前丰富度，我们于2015至2017年的南半球春季与夏季，在每个生境片段的中心点开展采样。我们将植物-植食者交互作用丰富度定义为野外观测到的植物-虫瘿、植物-潜叶虫、植物-蚜虫群落以及植物-介壳虫这四类单一交互作用的数量。随后我们进行了……
# 数据来源：破碎化景观中物种与交互作用的灭绝债务
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gf1vhhmzb]

## 数据与文件结构说明
我们于阿根廷中西部农业区域选取了14片蒙特干旱生境残留生境片段。为区分近期破碎化与长期破碎化生境，我们将2003年前发生显著景观变化的生境片段定义为长期破碎化生境，2003年后发生变化的则为近期破碎化生境。我们基于2015年的地图测算当前生境面积与连通性，而过往的面积与连通性则以2003年的地图为基准计算。为估算生境片段的连通性，我们计算了相邻片段间最短地理距离的总和。为测算生境片段内植物、植食性昆虫、寄生性昆虫及其营养交互作用的当前丰富度，我们于2015至2017年的南半球春季与夏季，在每个生境片段的中心点开展采样。我们将植物-植食性昆虫交互作用丰富度定义为……