Commercial TMS devices.

The increasing application of TMS in research and therapy has spawned an ever-growing number of commercial and non-commercial TMS devices and technology development. New CE-marked devices appear at a rate of approximately one every two years, with new FDA-approved application of TMS occurring at a similar rate. With the resulting complex landscape of TMS devices and their application, accessible information about the technological characteristics of the TMS devices, such as the type of their circuitry, their pulse characteristics, or permitted protocols would be beneficial. We here present an overview and open access database summarizing key features and applications of available commercial and non-commercial TMS devices (http://www.tmsbase.info). This may guide comparison and decision making about the use of these devices. A bibliometric analysis was performed by identifying commercial and non-commercial TMS devices from which a comprehensive database was created summarizing their publicly available characteristics, both from a technical and clinical point of view. In this document, we introduce both the commercial devices and prototypes found in the literature. The technical specifications that unify these devices are briefly analysed in two separate tables: power electronics, waveform, protocols, and coil types. In the prototype TMS systems, the proposed innovations are focused on improving the treatment regarding the patient: noise cancellation, controllable parameters, and multiple stimulation. This analysis shows that the landscape of TMS is becoming increasingly fragmented, with new devices appearing ever more frequently. The review provided here can support development of benchmarking frameworks and comparison between TMS systems, inform the choice of TMS platforms for specific research and therapeutic applications, and guide future technology development for neuromodulation devices. This standardisation strategy will allow a better end-user choice, with an impact on the TMS manufacturing industry and a homogenisation of patient samples in multi-centre clinical studies. As an open access repository, we envisage the database to grow along with the dynamic development of TMS devices and applications through community-lead curation.经颅磁刺激（Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS）在研究与治疗领域的应用日益广泛，催生了数量持续增长的商业化与非商业化TMS设备及技术研发成果。当前，每两年约有1款获得CE认证的TMS新设备面世，获批的TMS临床应用新方案亦以相近速率通过美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）审批。面对当前日趋复杂的TMS设备应用格局，获取设备技术特征的公开可及信息——如电路类型、脉冲特性或获批的刺激方案——将为相关工作提供重要参考。为此，本文概述了当前所有商业化与非商业化TMS设备的核心特征与应用场景，并搭建了开放获取数据库（http://www.tmsbase.info），以期为这类设备的选型与使用决策提供参考。本研究通过检索识别商业化与非商业化TMS设备并开展文献计量分析，进而构建综合数据库，从技术与临床双维度汇总设备的公开可获取特征参数。本文同时介绍了文献中记载的商业化设备与原型样机。我们将统一这些设备的技术规格分为两类进行简要梳理，以两张独立表格呈现：电力电子模块、刺激波形、刺激方案与线圈类型。原型TMS系统的创新方向主要围绕优化患者治疗体验展开，包括噪声抑制、参数可控化与多通道刺激。本分析表明，TMS设备领域的格局正日益碎片化，新设备的面世频率也持续升高。本文提供的综述可助力搭建TMS系统的基准测试框架与跨系统对比体系，为特定研究与治疗应用场景选择TMS平台提供依据，并为神经调控设备的未来技术研发提供指引。这类标准化策略将帮助终端用户做出更优选型，进而对TMS制造业产生积极影响，并推动多中心临床研究中患者样本的同质化。作为开放获取资源库，本数据库拟通过社区主导的内容维护，伴随TMS设备与应用的动态发展持续迭代更新。