Missing in action: species competition is a neglected predictor variable in Species Distribution Modelling _Raw_Data

Presence data for buffalo (n = 93), warthog (n = 27), waterbuck (n =21), wildebeest (n = 24) and zebra (n =44) were collected via an aerial survey conducted in Gonarezhou National Park in October 2013. The aerial survey was a sample with transects spaced at 1.5 km and 2.5 km depending on animal density within sampling strata. A Cessna 185 fixed wing plane was used and two observers sitting at the right and left sides of the plane observed animals within strips of width 150 m. The observers searched for animals between two streamers fitted to the wing struts of the plane during pre-calibration flights in such a way that the search strip on the ground was 150 m wide. Each time animals were sighted, the location of the sighting was marked using a handheld GPS device (GPSmap 296, Garmin international). A full description of the method is provided in 'Norton-Griffiths M (1978) Counting animals. Handbooks on techniques currently used in African wildlife ecology. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, Nairobi'.

2013年10月，研究团队于戈纳雷祖国家公园（Gonarezhou National Park）开展航空调查，收集了水牛（buffalo，n=93）、疣猪（warthog，n=27）、水羚（waterbuck，n=21）、角马（wildebeest，n=24）及斑马（zebra，n=44）的出现数据。本次航空调查为分层抽样设计，根据各抽样层内的动物密度，设置间距为1.5km或2.5km的样带。调查使用塞斯纳185型固定翼飞机（Cessna 185），两名分别位于飞机左右两侧的观察员，对宽度为150m的带状观测区域内的动物进行观测。观察员在预校准飞行阶段，通过安装于飞机机翼支柱上的两条飘带划定观测范围，确保地面观测带宽度精准为150m。每当观测到动物时，研究人员均使用手持GPS设备（GPSmap 296，佳明国际（Garmin international））标记该观测点的位置。本方法的完整描述参见文献：Norton-Griffiths M（1978）《动物计数》，载《非洲野生动物生态学现行技术手册》，非洲野生动物保护基金会，内罗毕。