Results Of Questionnaire On Live Plant Health Nematode Collections

In the framework of the Euphresco project 2016-F-186 'Inventory of living collections of cyst and root knot nematodes in Europe and their maintenance techniques (Cyst and Melo Collect)', a survey was organised during the Autumn 2017 with the aim to collect information on the live nematode collections in different countries. 32 (reference) collections in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States of America participated in the survey. Of the 32 mentioned collections the preferred nematode populations are clearly different between the USA and Europe: the tropical <em>Meloidogyne</em> species are the most represented in North America while <em>Globodera</em> species are in Europe. The comparison of the protocols for live nematode storage for short and long periods of time showed high variability, although in general, <em>Globodera</em> spp. can be stored at 4 °C for longer time (&gt;20 years) than <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp., whose optimal storage time is 8 months at 14 °C, when kept in soil. The need to verify the population for its trueness, with other words, the frequency of identification differs; various possibilities are mentioned between never and almost monthly to frequently, each time the nematodes are extracted from the soil (90 days for PCN, 16 weeks for <em>Meloidogyne</em>) to yearly or only upon arrival. The frequency depends on the amount of time people can afford to put into this work and the risk assessment for getting cross contamination. The conditions for rearing and maintaining were inventoried as well. For <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp., host differences for rearing and maintaining them are rarely observed (often <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> -tomato- is used for both), although <em>Ficus carina</em> for long maintenance of <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. and <em>Solanum dulcamara</em> for <em>M. fallax</em> have been used in France (pers. comm. Fabrice Ollivier, ANSES). For cyst nematode species their specific host is used for both rearing and maintenance purposes: <em>Solanum tuberosum</em> (potato), <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> (tobacco), or <em>Glycine max</em> (soybean) are used respectively for the potato cyst nematodes (<em>Globodera rostochiensis</em> and <em>G. pallida</em>), <em>G. tabacum</em> and <em>G. glycines</em>. The project report is also available on Zenodo https://zenodo.org/record/1442881#.W7PaxmgzbIU本研究依托Euphresco项目2016-F-186‘欧洲活体胞囊与根结线虫馆藏及其保藏技术调研（Cyst and Melo Collect）’开展，于2017年秋季发起调研，旨在收集欧洲各国活体线虫馆藏的相关信息。来自奥地利、比利时、加拿大、捷克共和国、法国、德国、意大利、拉脱维亚、墨西哥、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、英国及美利坚合众国的共计32家参比馆藏参与了本次调研。 在上述32家馆藏中，美国与欧洲的优势线虫类群存在显著差异：北美地区以热带根结线虫属（Meloidogyne）物种占比最高，而欧洲则以胞囊线虫属（Globodera）物种为主。 对线虫活体短期与长期保藏规程的对比分析显示，不同保藏方案变异性较高。总体而言，胞囊线虫属（Globodera spp.）可在4℃条件下保藏更长时间（＞20年），而根结线虫属（Meloidogyne spp.）在土壤基质中保藏的最优条件为14℃、保藏时长8个月。 研究同时明确了线虫种群真实性验证的必要性，即种群鉴定频率差异较大：现有方案涵盖从从不鉴定到几乎每月鉴定的全区间，具体包括每次从土壤中分离线虫时鉴定（马铃薯胞囊线虫为每90天一次，根结线虫属为每16周一次）、每年鉴定一次，或仅在馆藏接收时鉴定。鉴定频率取决于研究人员可投入的工作时长，以及对交叉污染风险的评估结果。 本研究同时梳理了线虫饲养与保藏的相关条件。对于根结线虫属（Meloidogyne spp.），不同类群间的寄主差异较小，通常以番茄（*Solanum lycopersicum*）作为共同饲养寄主；据法国食品卫生安全局（ANSES）Fabrice Ollivier先生的个人交流，法国曾采用无花果（*Ficus carica*，原文标注为carina，疑似笔误）进行根结线虫属的长期保藏，以及用欧白英（*Solanum dulcamara*）饲养*M. fallax*。对于胞囊线虫类群，则需使用其专属寄主进行饲养与保藏：分别以马铃薯（*Solanum tuberosum*）、烟草（*Nicotiana tabacum*）和大豆（*Glycine max*）作为马铃薯胞囊线虫（*Globodera rostochiensis*与*G. pallida*）、烟草胞囊线虫（*G. tabacum*）和大豆胞囊线虫（*G. glycines*）的饲养与保藏寄主。 该项目报告可在Zenodo平台获取：https://zenodo.org/record/1442881#.W7PaxmgzbIU