Studies included in the scoping review.

ObjectiveTo explore the interventions for change in oral health behaviour that are effective in improving oral health behaviours in 8 to 18-year-old children during oral health promotion.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute framework of evidence synthesis for conducting a scoping review was implemented for the methodology. Included studies related to the objective, measured clinical or non-clinical outcomes, were in English, 2011–2023, and were experimental, observational or reviews. PUBMED, Science-Direct, Scopus and Sabinet were systematically searched with predetermined search strings. Studies were selected by appraisal of the title, abstract and full text. Data were extracted using a standardised template and the key questions were addressed via a qualitative analysis.ResultsSearches yielded 407 articles from electronic databases. Of these, 290 articles were excluded, and 47 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, with 23 studies and two systematic reviews finalised for inclusion. In addition, a PEARL search was conducted from the reference lists of other studies. Most studies (91.3%) focused on educating children directly; 8.7% indirectly influenced parents, guardians, and teachers. Interventions focused largely on traditional oral health education presented in diverse forms and via different platforms. Studies differentiated clinical outcomes (indices) from non-clinical outcomes (knowledge, behaviour). All included RCTs were of different quality regarding selection, performance and detection bias. But all studies indicated a low risk of bias in attrition and Reporting bias. Seventeen of the 25 studies (68%) were not based on any behaviour change theory.ConclusionsOral health interventions based on motivational interviewing and the social cognitive theory have been shown to be to be effective. Interventions could also include practical tooth brushing activities, gamification, audio-visual components, as well as reinforcement and repetition in the longer term. Future oral health promotion in children should be designed to include these elements. There is a need for higher quality studies in this field, with future research being urged to provide detailed intervention descriptions and incorporate longer follow-up periods.研究目的：探索在口腔健康促进过程中，可有效改善8至18岁儿童口腔健康行为的行为改变干预方案。 研究方法：本研究采用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute, JBI）的证据合成框架开展范围综述。纳入研究需符合以下标准：与本研究目的相关、测量临床或非临床结局、发表于2011-2023年、语种为英语，且研究类型为实验性研究、观察性研究或综述类文献。系统检索了PUBMED、ScienceDirect、Scopus及Sabinet数据库，检索式为预先设定的标准化字符串。通过对文献标题、摘要及全文进行评估筛选符合要求的研究。采用标准化模板提取数据，并通过定性分析回应核心研究问题。 研究结果：电子数据库检索共获得407篇文献。其中290篇被排除，对剩余47篇全文文献进行资格评估后，最终纳入23项原始研究与2篇系统综述。此外，本研究还通过PEARL追溯检索（PEARL search）对其他研究的参考文献列表进行了补充检索。大部分研究（91.3%）以直接对儿童开展健康教育为核心干预手段，剩余8.7%则通过间接方式对儿童的父母、监护人及教师施加影响。干预措施多以传统口腔健康教育为核心，且呈现形式多样、实施平台各异。研究将临床结局（指标）与非临床结局（知识、行为）进行了明确区分。所有纳入的随机对照试验（Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT）在选择偏倚、实施偏倚及检测偏倚方面的质量参差不齐，但所有研究均显示其在失访偏倚与报告偏倚方面的风险较低。25项研究中有17项（68%）未基于任何行为改变理论开展设计。 研究结论：基于动机访谈（motivational interviewing）与社会认知理论（social cognitive theory）的口腔健康干预方案已被证实具有良好效果。干预措施还可纳入实用刷牙实操活动、游戏化设计、音视频素材，并在长期实施过程中辅以强化与重复训练。未来针对儿童的口腔健康促进项目应纳入上述要素。本领域亟需开展更高质量的研究，同时呼吁未来的研究能够提供更为详尽的干预方案描述，并设置更长的随访周期。