Self-reported symptoms.

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2,) caused an influx of patients with acute disease characterized by a variety of symptoms termed COVID-19 disease, with some patients going on to develop post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Individual factors like sex or coping styles are associated with a person’s disease experience and quality of life. Individual differences in coping styles used to manage COVID-19 related stress correlate with physical and mental health outcomes. Our study sought to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms, severity of acute disease, and coping profiles.MethodsAn online survey to assess symptoms, functional status, and recovery in a large group of patients was nationally distributed online. The survey asked about symptoms, course of illness, and included the Brief-COPE and the adapted Social Relationship Inventory. We used descriptive and cluster analyses to characterize patterns of survey responses.Results976 patients were included in the analysis. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were fatigue (72%), cough (71%), body aches/joint pain (66%), headache (62%), and fever/chills (62%). 284 participants reported PACS. We described three different coping profiles: outward, inward, and dynamic copers.DiscussionFatigue, cough, and body aches/joint pains were the most frequently reported symptoms. PACS patients were sicker, more likely to have been hospitalized. Of the three coping profiles, outward copers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and had the healthiest coping strategies. Dynamic copers activated several coping strategies both positive and negative; they were also younger and more likely to report PACS.ConclusionCough, fatigue, and body aches/joint pain are common and most important to patients with acute COVID-19, while shortness of breath defined the experience for patients with PACS. Of the three coping profiles, dynamic copers were more likely to report PACS. Additional investigations into coping profiles in general, and the experience of COVID-19 and PACS is needed.引言：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2）引发了大批以多种症状为特征的急性感染患者，该疾病被命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19），部分患者后续会发展为新冠急性感染后综合征（Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, PACS）。性别、应对风格等个体因素与患者的疾病体验及生活质量密切相关。用于应对新冠相关压力的应对方式的个体差异，与身心健康结局存在关联。本研究旨在探究新冠急性症状、急性疾病严重程度与应对方式类型之间的关联。 方法：本研究通过全国线上分发的大规模问卷，对大样本患者群体的症状、功能状态与恢复情况进行评估。问卷涵盖症状、病程相关问题，并包含简明应对方式量表（Brief-COPE）以及改编版社会关系量表（Social Relationship Inventory）。本研究采用描述性分析与聚类分析，对问卷回复的模式进行特征刻画。 结果：本研究共纳入976例患者开展分析。患者报告的最常见症状为疲劳（72%）、咳嗽（71%）、肌肉/关节疼痛（66%）、头痛（62%）以及发热/寒战（62%）。共有284名参与者被确诊为新冠急性感染后综合征。本研究归纳出三种不同的应对方式类型：外向型、内向型与动态型应对者。 讨论：疲劳、咳嗽及肌肉/关节疼痛为报告频率最高的症状。新冠急性感染后综合征患者病情更重，住院率更高。在三种应对方式类型中，外向型应对者更易住院，且拥有最健康的应对策略。动态型应对者会同时激活多种积极与消极的应对策略，这类人群年龄更小，且更有可能报告出现新冠急性感染后综合征。 结论：咳嗽、疲劳与肌肉/关节疼痛是新冠急性感染患者最常见且最为关键的症状，而呼吸困难则是新冠急性感染后综合征患者的核心疾病体验。在三种应对方式类型中，动态型应对者更有可能报告出现新冠急性感染后综合征。未来仍需针对应对方式类型、新冠感染及新冠急性感染后综合征的相关体验开展更多研究。