Cost-effectiveness analysis of newborn screening for sickle-cell disease in Spain

<b>Objectives:</b> This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of adding sickle-cell disease (SCD) to the Spanish newborn screening (NBS) program, and explores the sensitivity of the results to key model parameters. <b>Methods:</b> A discrete event simulation model was developed that compared NBS for SCD versus clinical detection. The model followed a simulated cohort of newborns for 10 years, and estimated the impact in costs and life expectancy of prophylactic treatments established after early detection. Probabilistic, one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis were performed. <b>Results:</b> NBS was found to be more costly and more effective than clinical detection of SCD. The estimated incremental cost per life year (LY) gained was 34,169.46 €/LY. This result was very sensitive to the cost of the screening test, the birth prevalence and the proportion of severe cases among the affected children. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is uncertainty regarding the cost-effectiveness of NBS for SCD in the Spanish context. Our base case estimate of the cost per LY gained lies near the 30,000€/LY commonly cited in Spain.