GroMoPo Metadata for Trout Lake region AEM model

Remotely-sensed elevation data are potentially useful for constructing regional scale groundwater models, particularly in regions where ground-based data are poor or sparse. Surface-water elevations measured by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to develop a regional-groundwater flow model by assuming that frozen surface waters reflect local hydraulic head (or groundwater potential). Drainage lakes (fed primarily by surface water) are designated as boundary conditions and seepage lakes and isolated wetlands (fed primarily by groundwater) are used as observation points to calibrate a numerical flow model of the 900 km(2) study area in the Northern Highland Lakes Region of Wisconsin, USA. Elevation data were utilized in a geographic information system (GIS) based groundwater-modeling package that employs the analytic element method (AEM). Calibration statistics indicate that lakes and wetlands had similar influence on the parameter estimation, suggesting that wetlands might be used as observations where open water elevations are unreliable or not available. Open water elevations are often difficult to resolve in radar interferometry because unfrozen water does not return off-nadir radar signals.

遥感高程数据在构建区域尺度地下水模型方面具有潜在应用价值，尤其适用于地面观测数据匮乏或稀疏的区域。本研究采用航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务（Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM）获取的地表水体高程数据，通过假设冻结地表水体可反映局部水头（或地下水势能），构建了区域地下水流模型。研究将主要由地表水补给的排水湖设定为边界条件，以主要由地下水补给的渗流湖与孤立湿地作为观测点，对美国威斯康星州北部高地湖区900平方千米研究区的数值地下水流模型开展率定工作。研究使用搭载解析元法（analytic element method, AEM）的地理信息系统（GIS）地下水建模工具处理高程数据。率定统计结果表明，湖泊与湿地对参数估计的影响相近，这意味着在开放水体高程数据不可靠或无法获取的场景下，可借助湿地作为观测点。由于未冻结的水体无法反射离天底雷达信号，雷达干涉测量中往往难以获取开放水体的高程数据。