Jensen, Meffre et al. 2024 - Gelatinous macrozooplankton in the North Sea: Biodiversity and distribution pattern during winter 2023-Q1 - raw dataset

Dataset for Data in Brief publication Jensen, Meffre, Werner, Huwer, Neumann, Jaspers (submitted) The biodiversity and distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton in the North Sea and adjacent waters during winter (January/February) 2023 is presented both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data include species-specific jellyfish and comb jelly community data, encountered during the North Sea - Midwater Ring Net (MIK) survey [1]. The MIK survey targets ichthyoplankton and is conducted at night during the quarter 1 (Q1) International Bottom Trawl Surveys (IBTS). Presented data about the gelatinous macrozooplankton community stems from Danish (DTU Aqua), the Swedish (SLU), and German (TI) partners. A total of 158 stations were investigated using a MIK net (2m diameter, 13m long, 1.6mm mesh size with 0.5mm for net end and cod end) [2]. Samples were collected by double oblique hauls from the surface to 5m above the seafloor with a maximum depth of ~100m [2]. Eighteen gelatinous macrozooplankton species were encountered during the Q1 2023 survey. Species encountered are hydrozoans i) Aequorea vitrina, ii) Agalma elegans (siphonophore), iii) Aglantha digitale, iv) Apolemia uvaria (siphonophore), v) Clytia spp., vi) Eutima spp., vii) Leuckartiara octona, viii) Melicertum octocostatum, ix) Muggiaea atlantica (siphonophore) , x) Nanomia cara (siphonophore), xi) Tima bairdii; scyphozoans i) Cyanea capillata and ii) Cyanea lamarckii as well as the ctenophores i) Beroe spp., ii) Bolinopsis infundibulum, iii) Pleurobrachia bachei, iv) Pleurobrachia pileus, and v) the non-indigenous Mnemiopsis leidyi. In total 12,093 individual specimens from samples and sub-samples were analyzed and extrapolated to generate a database with 77,099 records of gelatinous macrozooplankton caught in the investigation area during Q1 2023. For rare species, the entire sample was processed, while abundances were estimated from sub-samples for abundant taxa. Flow meter recordings and maximum net depths during each haul were used to convert raw counts to volume-specific densities (individuals m-3) and area-specific abundances (individuals m-2). Further, size data for the different species were obtained from a total of 5,566 individual gelatinous macrozooplankton organisms. Size data are presented in the accompanying database and were used to calculate species-specific wet weights, using published size-weight regressions [3] and Table 1. In addition, we present spatial wet weight distribution patterns for i) the total gelatinous macrozooplankton community, ii) hydrozoans only, iii) scyphozoans only and iv) ctenophora only. The presented data contribute to a time series describing the gelatinous macrozooplankton diversity and distribution in the extended North Sea area during winter [3,4] and summer [5] and are an important baseline to understand response of jellyfish to climate change. References: [1] ICES. 2024. Working Group on Surveys on Ichthyoplankton in the North Sea and adjacent Seas (WGSINS; outputs from 2023 meeting). ICES Scientific Reports. 6: 15, 62 pp. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.25212692 [2] ICES, Manual for the Midwater Ring Net sampling during IBTS Q1, Series of ICES Survey Protocols SISP 2 (2017) 25 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.3434. [3] L. Køhler, B. Huwer , J.M Pujolar, M. Werner, K. Wikström, A. Wernbo, M. Ovegård, C. Jaspers. Gelatinous macrozooplankton diversity and distribution dataset for the North Sea and Skagerrak/Kattegat during January-February 2021. Data in Brief 44 (2022) 108493. [4] C.J.D. Jensen, L. G. Køhler, B. Huwer, M. Werner, L. Cieters, C. Jaspers. Biodiversity and distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton in the North Sea and adjacent waters dataset from winter 2022. Data in Brief. 57 (2024) 111100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111100. [5] C. Gawinski , B. Huwer , P. Munk , C. Jaspers , Biodiversity of gelatinous macrozooplankton: Quantitative assessment of data and distribution patterns in the southern and central North Sea during August 2018, Data in Brief 25 (2019) 104186.本数据集为《Data in Brief》待刊论文数据集，作者为Jensen、Meffre、Werner、Huwer、Neumann及Jaspers。 本研究定量且定性地呈现了2023年冬季（1月/2月）北海及邻近海域胶质性大型浮游动物（gelatinous macrozooplankton）的生物多样性与分布情况。数据涵盖北海-中层围网（Midwater Ring Net, MIK）调查[1]中采集的物种级水母和栉水母群落数据。该MIK调查以鱼卵仔鱼（ichthyoplankton）为采样目标，在第一季度（Q1）国际底拖网调查（International Bottom Trawl Surveys, IBTS）期间夜间开展。本次公开的胶质性大型浮游动物群落数据来自丹麦（DTU Aqua）、瑞典（SLU）及德国（TI）合作方。 研究共布设158个采样站位，采用网口直径2m、长13m、网身网目尺寸1.6mm、网兜及尾段网目尺寸0.5mm的MIK网进行采样[2]。采样采用双斜拖网方式，从表层至距海底5m处开展拖网作业，最大作业水深约100m[2]。 本次2023年第一季度调查共记录到18种胶质性大型浮游动物：水螅水母类（hydrozoans）包含i) 水晶水母（Aequorea vitrina）、ii) 优雅管水母（Agalma elegans，管水母类（siphonophore））、iii) 纤巧管水母（Aglantha digitale）、iv) 尤瓦里亚管水母（Apolemia uvaria，管水母类（siphonophore））、v) Clytia属物种（Clytia spp.）、vi) Eutima属物种（Eutima spp.）、vii) Leuckartiara octona、viii) Melicertum octocostatum、ix) 大西洋莫氏管水母（Muggiaea atlantica，管水母类（siphonophore））、x) 卡氏纳米管水母（Nanomia cara，管水母类（siphonophore））、xi) Tima bairdii；钵水母类（scyphozoans）包含i) 发形霞水母（Cyanea capillata）和ii) 拉马克霞水母（Cyanea lamarckii）；栉水母类（ctenophores）包含i) Beroe属物种（Beroe spp.）、ii) 漏斗真栉水母（Bolinopsis infundibulum）、iii) 巴切侧腕栉水母（Pleurobrachia bachei）、iv) 囊舌侧腕栉水母（Pleurobrachia pileus）以及v) 外来入侵物种梅氏双栉水母（Mnemiopsis leidyi）。 本研究共对样品及子样品中的12093个个体标本进行分析，并通过外推法构建数据库，涵盖2023年第一季度调查区域内采集到的77099条胶质性大型浮游动物记录。针对稀有物种，对全部样品进行处理；对于优势类群，则通过子样品估算其丰度。利用每趟拖网的流量计记录数据及最大作业水深，将原始计数转换为单位体积密度（单位：个/立方米）和单位面积丰度（单位：个/平方米）。 此外，本研究共获取5566个胶质性大型浮游动物个体的体长数据。配套数据库中包含上述体长数据，并通过已发表的体长-体重回归方程[3]及表1，计算得到各物种的湿重。此外，本研究还公开了四类群的空间湿重分布格局：i) 胶质性大型浮游动物总群落、ii) 仅水螅水母类、iii) 仅钵水母类及iv) 仅栉水母类。 本次公开的数据补充了北海及邻近海域冬季[3,4]和夏季[5]胶质性大型浮游动物多样性与分布的时间序列数据集，可为理解水母类群落对气候变化的响应提供重要基准基线。 参考文献： [1] 国际海洋考察理事会（ICES）. 2024. 北海及邻近海域鱼卵仔鱼调查工作组（WGSINS；2023年会议成果）. ICES科学报告. 6:15, 共62页. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.25212692 [2] 国际海洋考察理事会（ICES）. IBTS第一季度中层围网采样手册. ICES调查协议系列SISP 2 (2017)，共25页. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.3434. [3] L. Køhler、B. Huwer、J.M. Pujolar、M. Werner、K. Wikström、A. Wernbo、M. Ovegård、C. Jaspers. 2021年1-2月北海及斯卡格拉克海峡/卡特加特海峡胶质性大型浮游动物多样性与分布数据集. 《Data in Brief》, 44(2022): 108493. [4] C.J.D. Jensen、L.G. Køhler、B. Huwer、M. Werner、L. Cieters、C. Jaspers. 2022年冬季北海及邻近海域胶质性大型浮游动物生物多样性与分布数据集. 《Data in Brief》, 57(2024): 111100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111100. [5] C. Gawinski、B. Huwer、P. Munk、C. Jaspers. 2018年8月北海南部及中部胶质性大型浮游动物生物多样性：数据定量评估与分布格局. 《Data in Brief》, 25(2019): 104186.