Demographic and clinical characteristics.

Treatment of HIV has historically required taking daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). A recent alternative to daily oral ART is long-acting injectable ART with cabotegravir plus rilpivirine, administered monthly or every 2 months. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the concept relevance and interpretability of five previously developed questions: one treatment preference question and four questions designed to assess how the emotional burden associated with HIV treatment impacts treatment preferences. Thirty adults in the United States currently receiving HIV treatment were enrolled in a cross-sectional study involving one-on-one concept confirmation and cognitive debriefing interviews. Concept confirmation interviews included topics, questions, and probes designed to elicit information about the emotional burden of HIV and current perceptions of a participant’s treatment regimen. Cognitive debriefing assessed the relevance and clarity of instructions, questions, response options, and recall periods. Transcripts were analyzed with MAXQDA. Mean age of participants was 49 years (range: 29–68), with 60% being male and 40% female. Racial demographics included Blacks (40%), Whites (40%), and other (20%). During concept confirmation, participants endorsed concepts relevant to HIV treatment preference: fear of disclosure of HIV status (47%), forgetting to take daily oral medication (40%), and current treatment regimen as a bothersome daily reminder of HIV status (40%). During cognitive debriefing, participants interpreted the instructions, question, response options, and recall periods as intended for the treatment preference question. Additionally, participants confirmed that the preference question’s response options were appropriate and relevant to the experiences of people living with HIV. Participants also consistently interpreted the questions related to fear of disclosure of HIV status, anxiety associated with forgetting to take HIV medication, and HIV medication being an uncomfortable reminder of HIV status; however, participants provided variable responses to the question designed to assess treatment ease of use. These results support the concept relevance and interpretability of the single treatment preference question and three of the four emotional well-being questions among adults living with HIV.HIV感染的治疗在历史上一直需要每日口服抗逆转录病毒疗法（antiretroviral therapy, ART）。近期出现了一种替代每日口服ART的治疗方案：长效注射型ART，由卡博特格拉韦（cabotegravir）与利匹韦林（rilpivirine）组成，可每月或每2个月给药一次。本质性研究（qualitative study）旨在评估5项预先开发的问题的概念相关性与可解释性：1项治疗偏好问题，以及4项用于评估HIV治疗相关情绪负担如何影响治疗偏好的问题。本横断面研究（cross-sectional study）纳入美国当前接受HIV治疗的30名成人受试者，开展一对一的概念确认访谈（concept confirmation interviews）与认知复盘访谈（cognitive debriefing interviews）。概念确认访谈涵盖了旨在收集HIV治疗情绪负担以及受试者当前对自身治疗方案认知的相关主题、问题与探查性问题。认知复盘访谈用于评估研究说明、问题、应答选项与回忆时限的相关性与清晰度。研究转录文本采用MAXQDA软件进行分析。受试者平均年龄为49岁（年龄范围：29~68岁），其中60%为男性，40%为女性。种族分布情况为：黑人占40%，白人占40%，其他种族占20%。在概念确认阶段，受试者认可与HIV治疗偏好相关的核心概念：HIV感染状况披露恐惧（47%）、漏服每日口服药物（40%），以及将当前治疗方案视为HIV感染状况的烦人日常提醒（40%）。在认知复盘阶段，受试者对治疗偏好问题的研究说明、问题、应答选项与回忆时限的理解完全契合研究预期。此外，受试者确认该偏好问题的应答选项适切且与HIV感染者的真实诊疗体验高度相关。受试者还一致理解与HIV感染状况披露恐惧、漏服HIV药物相关的焦虑，以及HIV药物作为HIV感染状况的不适提醒相关的问题；但针对用于评估治疗易用性的问题，受试者给出了差异化的应答。上述结果证实，针对HIV感染成人受试者，单一项治疗偏好问题以及4项情绪健康（emotional well-being）问题中的3项，均具备良好的概念相关性与可解释性。