National Getis-Ord Gi* statistics for select populations; Using 2019-2023 5-year ACS estimates

Local Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated as a measure of residential segregation. Measures were calculated at the census tract level based on the proportion of non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian and Hispanic persons per census tract. Gi* statistics are Z-scores that compare the proportion of the population in the focal tract and its neighboring tracts to the average proportion of a larger geographic unit. For the majority of tracts, the larger geographic unit was the Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) these tracts belonged to. The county was used as the larger unit for tracts that fell outside the boundaries of a CBSA.<br><br>Data for the measures were sourced directly from the American Community Survey (ACS) using an API in R. Data were downloaded for the 2019-2023 5-year ACS estimates. All data were standardized to 2020 census tract boundaries.<br><br>G*statistics were calculated using both Rook and Queen conceptualization of spatial relationships. With Rook contiguity, neighbors are determined by those that share a common edge only, while Queen contiguity neighbors are those that share both an edge or a "corner" (common vertex). See detailed documentation for further details.