Stack heat source term.

The stack is the core component of large-scale flow battery system. Based on the leakage circuit, mass and energy conservation, electrochemicals reaction in porous electrode, and also the effect of electric field on vanadium ion cross permeation in membrane, a model of kilowatt vanadium flow battery stack was established. The electro chemical reaction parameters, ion concentration and temperature of each single cell in the stack were calculated respectively. The imbalance of vanadium ion concentration and the effects of current density and electrolyte temperature on the electrolyte imbalance in the stack were studied.电堆（stack）是大规模液流电池系统的核心组成部件。本研究基于泄漏回路、质量与能量守恒定律、多孔电极内的电化学反应，以及电场对膜内钒离子跨膜渗透的影响，建立了千瓦级钒液流电池（vanadium flow battery）电堆模型。分别计算了该电堆内各单电池的电化学反应参数、离子浓度与温度，并研究了钒离子浓度失衡现象，以及电流密度与电解液温度对电堆内电解液失衡的影响。