Snowbedo Data and Modeling Scripts

The .Rdata datasets were created to be used in the Snowbedo R Package, available on GitHub at : <a href="https://github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo</a>. The Snowbedo package and models were developed in part with support of the iUTAH project, under the Research Focus Area 3: Understanding the ties between human and environmental water systems.

The datasets contain a collection of time series of streamflow, meteorological, and land surface/atmospheric data which can be used to calibrate streamflow models. Each dataset corresponds to a different watershed/stream in the Wasatch Mountains.

Variables and their definitions are as follows:
Date - date, Year-Month-Day
Streamflow - streamflow rate in cms (from Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities)
Tmax_C - maximum temperature, degrees Celsius from sub-daily measurements (SNOTEL)
Tmin_C - minimum temperature, degrees Celsius from sub-daily measurements (SNOTEL)
SWE_cm - snow water equivalent, centimeters (SNOTEL)
Albedo - average watershed albedo (derived from MOD01A1 product)
SolarRad_Whm2d - shortwave downwelling radiation, W-h/m2/day (from CERES SYN1deg product)
SnowCover - percentage of watershed covered by snow (derived from MOD01A1 product)
SnowDepth_cm - depth of snow, centimeters (SNOTEL)
Precip_cm - precipitation, centimeters/day (SNOTEL)

Additional parameters are also included for exploring the effects of the lagged parameters (lagged by one day) on streamflow.

Streams and the locations of the SLCDPU Gage Location and their corresponding SNOTEL sites are as follows:
City Creek - 40.7841, -111.883; SNOTEL Site: Louis Meadow (972)
Little Cottonwood - 40.579, -111.798; SNOTEL Site: Snowbird (766)
Lambs Creek -40.7548, -111.709; SNOTEL Site: Parley's Summit (684)
Dell Creek - 40.7809, -111.681; SNOTEL Site: Lookout Peak (596)
Big Cottonwood - 40.618, -111.780; SNOTEL Site: Mill-D (628)

The scripts are intended to be used with the Snowbedo R Package (github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo. The scripts may be run using R Statistical Software and the dependent external packages (listed in the scripts). The Snowbedo package was developed in order to model streamflow as a result of changing snowpack dynamics (particularly albedo). The purpose of the NeuralNetwork script is to train and build a neural network model of streamflow based on climate and watershed characteristics.Results of the model are a daily time-series of streamflow covering the same time period as the input datasets. Different scenarios (with adjusted albedo) can be created with the ModelDifferencesInAlbedo.R script. The readme.txt file explains how the package can be used.

本.Rdata数据集系为Snowbedo R软件包之应用而创设，该软件包可在GitHub平台（https://github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo）上获取。Snowbedo软件包及其模型部分得益于iUTAH项目之资助，该项目隶属于研究焦点领域3：探讨人类与水环境系统之间的相互联系。数据集包含一系列流水量、气象以及地表/大气数据的时序集合，可供校准流水量模型之用。每一数据集均对应瓦萨奇山脉中不同的流域/溪流。以下为变量及其定义：日期（年-月-日）、流水量（厘米每秒，来自盐湖城公共事业部门）、最高温度（摄氏度，来自子日测量数据，SNOTEL）、最低温度（摄氏度，来自子日测量数据，SNOTEL）、积雪水当量（厘米，SNOTEL）、反照率（平均流域反照率，由MOD01A1产品衍生）、太阳辐射（每平方米每天瓦特时，来自CERES SYN1deg产品）、积雪覆盖率（流域积雪覆盖百分比，由MOD01A1产品衍生）、积雪深度（厘米，SNOTEL）、降水量（每厘米每天，SNOTEL）。此外，还包括额外的参数，以探究滞后参数（滞后一天）对流量的影响。以下为溪流及其SLCDPU测流站位置和相应的SNOTEL站点：City Creek（40.7841, -111.883；SNOTEL站点：Louis Meadow，编号972）、Little Cottonwood（40.579, -111.798；SNOTEL站点：Snowbird，编号766）、Lambs Creek（40.7548, -111.709；SNOTEL站点：Parley's Summit，编号684）、Dell Creek（40.7809, -111.681；SNOTEL站点：Lookout Peak，编号596）、Big Cottonwood（40.618, -111.780；SNOTEL站点：Mill-D，编号628）。脚本旨在与Snowbedo R软件包配合使用（github.com/cahhansen/Snowbedo），并可通过R统计软件及其依赖的外部包（在脚本中列出）运行。Snowbedo软件包的开发旨在模拟雪被动态变化（尤其是反照率）所导致的流水量。NeuralNetwork脚本的目的是基于气候和流域特征训练并构建流量的神经网络模型。模型的结果为覆盖与输入数据集相同时间段的每日流量的时间序列。通过ModelDifferencesInAlbedo.R脚本，可以创建不同的场景（调整后的反照率）。readme.txt文件解释了如何使用该软件包。