Technology of 3D printing and possibilities of use in building elements

The paper deals with 3D printing technology and its use in construction. There are several 3D printing technologies, where the main aspects that need to be considered are the choice of printing material. Examples of printing material include polymers, resins, concrete, steel or ceramics. The print material can be chosen in the form of an eco-friendly polymer material, where examples include PLA (PolyLactic Acid), rPLA (Recycled PolyLactic Acid), PETG (Glycol-modified Polyethylene Terephthalate). It is also possible to choose from a range of other polymers, wherein the material includes for example ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PE (PolyEthylene), PP (PolyproPylene), PVA, etc. The choice of the printing material itself is closely linked to the choice of the 3D printing printer itself, with each printer considering the material used in 3D printing. In the construction industry, polymers can be used by creating special atypical moulds, which can be further used in laboratory tests or, for example, in the field of architecture for interior design elements or exterior furnishings in the form of furnishings.本论文围绕3D打印技术及其在建筑领域的应用展开探讨。当前主流的3D打印技术中，需重点考量的核心要素之一为打印材料的选型。常见的打印材料包括聚合物、树脂、混凝土、钢材与陶瓷等。打印材料可选用环保型聚合物品类，典型代表包括PLA（聚乳酸，PolyLactic Acid）、rPLA（回收聚乳酸，Recycled PolyLactic Acid）以及PETG（乙二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，Glycol-modified Polyethylene Terephthalate）；此外还可从多种其他聚合物中进行选型，例如ABS（丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene）、PE（聚乙烯，PolyEthylene）、PP（聚丙烯，PolyproPylene）、PVA等。打印材料的选型与3D打印机的选型紧密绑定，每款打印机均需适配其所使用的打印材料。在建筑行业中，聚合物可用于制备特殊异型模具，这类模具既可应用于实验室测试场景，也可用于建筑领域的室内装饰构件或户外陈设的制作。