THE RISE OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE IN THE MEDIEVAL WORLD: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

This article examines the development of science, medicine, philosophy, and culture during the Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the contribution of Islamic civilization to world intellectual history. The study highlights the scientific achievements of the Muslim world in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, logic, and philosophy, as well as the activities of prominent scholars including Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Razi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, and Ibn Khaldun. The article also analyzes the role of major scientific centers such as Baghdad, Bukhara, Samarkand, Cairo, and Andalusia in the dissemination of knowledge. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of Islamic scientific and philosophical heritage on the European Renaissance and the formation of modern scientific thought. The research concludes that the intellectual legacy of medieval Islamic civilization remains an essential part of world culture and continues to retain its significance in contemporary scholarship.本文考察了中世纪时期科学、医学、哲学与文化的发展历程，重点探讨了伊斯兰文明对世界思想史的贡献。本研究着重阐述了伊斯兰世界在数学、天文学、医学、逻辑学与哲学等领域的科学成就，以及阿尔-花剌子模（Al-Khwarizmi）、阿尔-法拉比（Al-Farabi）、伊本·西拿（Ibn Sina）、阿尔-拉齐（Al-Razi）、安萨里（Al-Ghazali）、伊本·鲁世德（Ibn Rushd）与伊本·赫勒敦（Ibn Khaldun）等知名学者的学术活动。本文还分析了巴格达、布哈拉、撒马尔罕、开罗与安达卢西亚等主要学术中心在知识传播中发挥的作用。此外，本文探讨了伊斯兰科学与哲学遗产对欧洲文艺复兴及现代科学思想形成的影响。本研究最终得出结论：中世纪伊斯兰文明的思想遗产仍是世界文化的重要组成部分，且在当代学术研究中依然保有重要价值。