Prevalence of arterial hypertension according to different diagnostic criteria, National Health Survey

ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the population prevalence of arterial hypertension in adults according to different diagnostic criteria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, analyzing information from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013, consisted of interviews, physical and laboratory measurements (n = 60,202). The prevalence of hypertension was defined according to three diagnostic criteria: self-reported; measured by instrument (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg); measured and/or using medication. Prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated by the three diagnostic criteria of hypertension. Results: The high blood pressure measurements were: 21.4% (95%CI 20.8 - 22.0) using the criterion self-reported; 22.8% (95%CI 22.1 - 23.4) by measured hypertension; and 32.3% (95%CI 31.7 - 33.0) by measured hypertension and/or reported use of medication. Women presented higher prevalence for the self-reported criterion (24.2%; 95%CI 23.4 - 24.9) and men, for the measured criterion (25.8%; 95%CI 24.8 - 26.8). Hypertension increases with age and is more frequent in urban areas. Using these three criteria, the hypertension was higher in the Southeast and South regions, in relation to the average of the country and the other regions. Using these three criteria, hypertension increased with age, was more frequent in urban areas and in the Southeast and South regions, in relation to the average of the country and the other regions. Conclusion: These findings are important to support policies that aim to achieve the World Health Organization’s goal of reducing hypertension by 25% over the next decade.摘要：研究目的：明确基于不同诊断标准的成人动脉高血压人群患病率。研究方法：本研究为横断面研究，分析2013年巴西全国健康调查（Brazilian National Health Survey）的数据，该调查涵盖访谈、体格检查与实验室检测，共纳入60202名受试者。本研究依据三项诊断标准定义高血压患病率：自我报告患病、仪器测量血压≥140/90mmHg、经仪器测量确诊或（和）服用降压药物。基于上述三项高血压诊断标准，估算相应患病率及95%置信区间（95%CI）。研究结果：依据不同诊断标准统计的高血压检出率如下：自我报告标准为21.4%（95%CI 20.8~22.0）；仪器测量确诊标准为22.8%（95%CI 22.1~23.4）；仪器测量确诊或（和）报告服用降压药物标准为32.3%（95%CI 31.7~33.0）。女性在自我报告患病标准下的患病率更高（24.2%；95%CI 23.4~24.9），男性则在仪器测量确诊标准下的患病率更高（25.8%；95%CI 24.8~26.8）。高血压患病率随年龄增长而升高，且在城镇地区更为常见；基于三项诊断标准的分析均显示，巴西东南部与南部地区的高血压患病率高于全国平均水平及其他地区。研究结论：本研究结果可为支撑落实世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）提出的“未来10年将高血压患病率降低25%”的目标政策提供重要依据。