Case-control studies on the onchocerciasis-epilepsy relationship: study areas characteristics and odds ratios (OR).

aThe first four studies are those achieving control for intensity and time of exposure and gender. In these studies people with epilepsy were matched for gender, age and place of residence to one or two people without epilepsy; in the study by Kaiser et al. (2011), 5 of 38 pairs were not matched for sex.bPmf = prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf) in subjects aged ≥5 years; PNod = prevalence of nodules in males aged ≥20 years; Hypo = hypoendemic (PmfcCDTI = Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin; VC = Vector control.dOR mf = Odds ratio for epilepsy in patients with skin mf; OR Nod = Odds ratio for epilepsy in patients with nodules; 95%CI = 95% Confidence interval; NA = not assessable.ePassive ivermectin treatment had been organized in these areas before the implementation of the CDTIs organized by the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC).fOR calculated on the number of persons examined (6 of the 36 controls were “missing” for nodule palpation). If all the missing controls had nodules, the OR would be 1.00 (0.31–3.19) and if none of them had nodules, the OR would be 1.96 (0.62–6.22).a) 本研究前四项均针对暴露强度、暴露时长及性别实施了匹配控制。在上述研究中，癫痫患者按性别、年龄及居住地与1~2名非癫痫患者进行匹配；Kaiser等于2011年开展的研究中，38对受试者中有5对未按性别进行匹配。 b) Pmf：≥5岁受试者皮肤微丝蚴（skin microfilariae, mf）感染率；PNod：≥20岁男性结节患病率；Hypo：低流行区；CDTI：社区指导式伊维菌素治疗（Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin）；VC：媒介控制。 d) OR_mf：皮肤微丝蚴阳性患者罹患癫痫的比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）；OR_Nod：结节阳性患者罹患癫痫的比值比；95%CI：95%置信区间（95% Confidence Interval）；NA：不可评估（not assessable）。 e) 在非洲盘尾丝虫病控制规划（African Program for Onchocerciasis Control, APOC）推行社区指导式伊维菌素治疗前，上述地区已先期开展过被动伊维菌素治疗项目。 f) 本次比值比基于实际受检人群计算得出（36名对照中有6名未接受结节触诊）。若所有失访对照均存在结节，则比值比为1.00（95%CI: 0.31–3.19）；若所有失访对照均无结节，则比值比为1.96（95%CI: 0.62–6.22）。