Parameters of mall personnel.

In order to improve mall evacuation efficiency, Pyrosim software and Anylogic software are used to study the coupled evacuation of mall personnel using escalators and stairs in a fire scenario. The available safe evacuation time of each evacuation exit was explored by analyzing the smoke transport, temperature, CO concentration and visibility of each floor of the mall under different fire source locations when the fire shutter was lowered to 1.8m from the ground. Then, the evacuation model of mall personnel under fire scenario was built by using Anylogic to compare and analyze the evacuation time of mall personnel using escalators coupled with stairs and stairs only, and analyze the evacuation time of personnel using escalators coupled with stairs when the fire shutter at the escalator is down to 1.8m from the ground and when the fire shutter is not down. The study shows that when the fire source is located on the top floor of the mall, the smoke does not affect the evacuation of people on other floors during the simulation time. Under the fire scenario, the escalator-coupled staircase evacuation can shorten the maximum evacuation time by 23.37% compared with the staircase only. The fire shutter descends to 1.8m from the ground and the evacuation efficiency is 6.41% higher than when the fire shutter is not descended. This research contributes to the enhancement of mall safety and has practical implications for future emergency management strategies in public spaces.为提升商场火灾场景下的人员疏散效率，本研究采用Pyrosim与Anylogic两款专业软件，针对商场人员借助自动扶梯与楼梯的耦合疏散行为开展系统性研究。当防火卷帘降至距地面1.8米高度时，通过分析不同火源位置下商场各楼层的烟气蔓延态势、温度场分布、一氧化碳浓度及能见度情况，探究各疏散出口的可用安全疏散时间。随后，依托Anylogic构建火灾场景下商场人员疏散模型，对比分析人员采用扶梯-楼梯耦合疏散与仅使用楼梯疏散的疏散时长差异，并分别探究自动扶梯处防火卷帘降至1.8米与未降下时，采用耦合疏散模式的人员疏散时长变化。研究结果显示，当火源位于商场顶层时，在本次模拟时长内烟气不会对其他楼层人员的疏散造成不利影响。在该火灾场景下，扶梯-楼梯耦合疏散模式相较仅使用楼梯疏散，可将最大疏散时长缩短23.37%；当防火卷帘降至距地面1.8米时，疏散效率较未降下防火卷帘时提升6.41%。本研究有助于强化商场安全保障能力，对未来公共空间应急管理策略的优化具有实际应用价值。