The measurement of the AGFTP index.

Measuring regional differences in agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) provides a basis for policy guidance on agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. By constructing a two-period Malmquist–Luenberger index under the carbon emission constraint, we measure the AGTFP of cities in the YRD region from 2001 to 2019. Furthermore, adopting the Moran index method and the hot spot analysis method, this paper analyzes the global spatial correlation and local spatial correlation of AGTFP in this region. Moreover, we investigate its spatial convergence. The results show that the AGTFP of 41 cities in the YRD region is on an increasing trend; the growth of AGTFP in the eastern cities is mainly driven by green technical efficiency, while this growth in the southern cities is mainly stimulated by green technical efficiency and green technological progress. We also find a significant spatial correlation between cities’ AGTFP in the YRD region from 2001 to 2019, but with certain fluctuations, showing a U-shaped trend of "strong-weak-strong". In addition, absolute β convergence of the AGTFP exists in the YRD region, and this convergence speed is accelerated with the addition of spatial factors. This evidence provides support for implementing the regional integration development strategy and optimizing the regional agricultural spatial layout. Our findings offer implications for promoting the transfer of green agricultural technology to the southwest of the YRD region, strengthening the construction of agricultural economic belts and agricultural economic circles, and improving the efficiency of agricultural resource use.测算农业绿色全要素生产率（AGTFP）的区域差异，可为长三角（YRD）地区农业绿色发展提供政策制定依据。本文通过构建碳排放约束下的两期曼奎斯特-卢恩伯格（Malmquist–Luenberger）指数，测算2001-2019年长三角地区城市的农业绿色全要素生产率水平。此外，本文采用莫兰（Moran）指数法与热点分析方法，剖析长三角地区农业绿色全要素生产率的全局空间相关性与局部空间相关性，并探究其空间收敛性特征。研究结果表明，长三角地区41座城市的农业绿色全要素生产率整体呈增长态势；东部城市的农业绿色全要素生产率增长主要由绿色技术效率驱动，而南部城市的增长则同时受绿色技术效率与绿色技术进步的共同推动。同时，2001-2019年长三角地区城市间的农业绿色全要素生产率存在显著空间相关性，但呈现一定波动，整体呈"强-弱-强"的U型变化趋势。此外，长三角地区农业绿色全要素生产率存在绝对β收敛，且引入空间因素后收敛速度有所加快。该研究结论可为落实区域一体化发展战略、优化区域农业空间布局提供实证支撑。本研究结果还可为推动绿色农业技术向长三角西南地区转移、加强农业经济带与农业经济圈建设，以及提升农业资源利用效率提供政策启示。