Productive and qualitative parameters of four Physalis species cultivated under colored shade nets

Abstract The genus Physalis L. has great importance in the framework of Brazilian biodiversity especially in the Amazon region. The use of colored shading nets allow manipulating the light spectrum, and thus supplying the appropriate quantity and quality of light for each species and maximizing production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shade nets on fruit production and qualitative parameters of four species belonging to genus Physalis. The experimental design was random blocks with a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, four species of Physalis (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four colors of shade nets (white, blue, red and black), besides the control treatment under full sun exposure. Fruits were collected weekly and evaluated for longitudinal and transversal diameter and biomass with and without a calyx. Finally the percentage of calyx biomass compared to the total fruit biomass, number of fruits per plant and production were determined. A differentiated response was found among the species regarding the coloring of the converter shade nets. Plants of P. peruviana had the best productive and qualitative parameters of fruits when cultivated in full sunlight or under white shade nets, P. pubescens and P. minima when cultivated in full sunlight or under white and blue shade nets, and P. ixocarpa under red or black shade nets.

摘要 酸浆属（Physalis L.）在巴西生物多样性框架中具有重要价值，尤其在亚马逊区域。彩色遮阳网（colored shading nets）可调控光光谱，从而为各物种提供适宜的光量与光质，实现生产效益最大化。本研究旨在评估遮阳网对酸浆属4个物种的果实产量及品质参数的影响。实验采用随机区组设计，设置4×5因子试验方案：涵盖4种酸浆属物种（秘鲁酸浆*P. peruviana*、毛酸浆*P. pubescens*、小酸浆*P. minima*和粘果酸浆*P. ixocarpa*），以及4种颜色的遮阳网（白色、蓝色、红色与黑色），另设全光照暴露的对照处理。每周采收果实，测定其纵径、横径以及带宿存花萼与去宿存花萼的生物量；最终计算宿存花萼生物量占果实总生物量的百分比、单株结果数与总产量。研究发现，不同物种对遮阳网颜色的响应存在显著差异：秘鲁酸浆在全光照或白色遮阳网栽培条件下，果实的产量与品质参数表现最优；毛酸浆与小酸浆在全光照、白色或蓝色遮阳网环境下生长最佳；而粘果酸浆则在红色或黑色遮阳网处理下表现更佳。