Evaluation of food baits to capture Drosophila suzukii in the southern of Brazil

Abstract: Drosophila suzukii is one of the main pests of small fruits in the world. An effective monitoring is fundamental to detect the presence of the fly and to predict the infestation of fruits in new areas. We evaluated the food baits Ceratrap®, Torula®, Biofruit®, Suzukii Trap®, apple cider vinegar, and a homemade mixture comprising wine, vinegar and molasses (WVM) for D. suzukii attractiveness, and if reproductive stage affects females attraction and capture in the different baits. Bait selectivity of non-target insects was assessed. The preference of adults between ripe blackberry fruit and the food baits was also evaluated. Adults showed a higher attraction (61.97% of the captured insects) to the WVM mixture than to Ceratrap® (1.32%), Torula® (0.52%), Biofruit® (13.15%), Suzukii Trap® (17.6%), and apple vinegar (5.4%). Considering the attractiveness to D. suzukii, Suzukii Trap® and apple vinegar were the most selective to non-target insects. In general, reproductively immature females showed a preference for Biofruit®, apple vinegar, and WVM, whereas mature females did not show bait preferences. Adults preferred ripe blackberry fruit over the WVM mixture. Understanding the field behavior of D. suzukii is of foremost importance to estimate insect population density and outline pest management strategies.

摘要：斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）是全球小型水果的主要害虫之一。有效的种群监测是检测该果蝇种群分布、并预测其在新区域侵染果实的核心前提。本研究针对Ceratrap®、Torula®、Biofruit®、Suzukii Trap®、苹果醋，以及由葡萄酒、醋与糖蜜配制的自制混合物（WVM）共6种诱饵，评估其对斑翅果蝇的引诱效果，并探究生殖阶段是否会影响雌虫对不同诱饵的引诱响应与捕获率。同时评估了各诱饵对非靶标昆虫的选择性，此外还测定了成虫在成熟黑莓果实与上述食物诱饵间的取食偏好。试验结果显示，成虫对WVM混合物的引诱响应率最高，占捕获总虫量的61.97%，显著高于Ceratrap®（1.32%）、Torula®（0.52%）、Biofruit®（13.15%）、Suzukii Trap®（17.6%）与苹果醋（5.4%）。就对斑翅果蝇的引诱效果而言，Suzukii Trap®与苹果醋对非靶标昆虫的选择性最优。总体而言，生殖未成熟的雌虫更偏好Biofruit®、苹果醋与WVM，而成熟雌虫则未表现出对特定诱饵的偏向性。成虫相较于WVM混合物，更偏好成熟黑莓果实。阐明斑翅果蝇的田间行为规律，对精准估算其种群密度、制定科学的害虫治理策略具有重要意义。