Bootstrapped Lexicon of English Polarity Shifters

We provide a bootstrapped lexicon of English polarity shifters and their shifting direction. We cover verbs, nouns and adjectives. Our lexicon provides 2521 shifters among a vocabulary of 9145 words, taken from WordNet v3.1 (Miller et al., 1990). We also provide a dataset of 2631 verb phrases that are annotated for shifting polarities. The phrases are taken from the Amazon Product Review Data corpus (Jindal &amp; Liu, 2008). <strong>Data</strong> <strong>1. Polarity Shifter Lexicon</strong> A list of 9145 words, annotated for whether they are polarity shifters. Contains 2631 shifters and 6514 non-shifters. File: <code>shifters.txt</code> The lexicon is a comma-separated value (CSV) table Each line follows the format <code>POS,LEMMA,SHIFTER_LABEL,SOURCE</code>. <code>POS</code>: The part of speech of the word (<code>verb</code>, <code>noun</code>, <code>adj</code>) <code>LEMMA</code>: The lemma representation of the word in question. Multiword expressions are separated by an underscore (<code>WORD_WORD</code>). <code>SHIFTER_LABEL</code>: Whether the word is a polarity shifter (<code>SHIFTER</code>) or a non-shifter (<code>NONSHIFTER</code>) <code>SOURCE</code>: Whether the word was part of the gold standard (<code>GOLD_STANDARD</code>) or was bootstrapped (<code>BOOTSTRAPPED</code>). All labels, both from gold standard and bootstrap output, were verified by a human annotator. <strong>2. Sentiment Verb Phrases</strong> A set of verb phrases, annotated for the polarity of the verb phrase and the polarity of a polar noun that it contains. Can be used to evaluate whether a polarity classifier correctly recognizes polarity shifting. The file starts with 400 phrases containing shifter verbs, followed by 2231 phrases containing non-shifter verbs. File: <code>sentiment_phrases.txt</code> Every item consists of: The sentence from which the VP and the polar noun were extracted. The VP, polar noun and the verb heading the VP. Constituency parse for the VP. Gold labels for VP and polar noun by a human annotator. Predicted labels for VP and polar noun by RNTN tagger (Socher et al., 2013) and <code>LEX_gold</code> approach. Items are separated by a line of asterisks (*) <strong>Attribution</strong><br> This dataset was created as part of the following publication: Schulder, Marc and Wiegand, Michael and Ruppenhofer, Josef (2020). <strong>"Automatic Generation of Lexica for Sentiment Polarity Shifters"</strong>. In: <em>Natural Language Engineering</em>. doi:10.1017/S135132492000039X If you use the data in your research or work, please cite the publication.本研究提供了一套自举构建的英语极性转换词（polarity shifters）词典及其转换方向，涵盖动词、名词与形容词三类词类。该词典基于WordNet v3.1（Miller等人，1990）的9145个词汇构建，其中包含2521个极性转换词。此外，本数据集还包含2631条经极性标注的动词短语，数据取自Amazon产品评论语料库（Jindal & Liu, 2008）。 <strong>数据</strong> <strong>1. 极性转换词词典</strong> 该词典包含9145个词汇，均标注了是否为极性转换词，其中极性转换词2521个，非转换词6514个。数据文件为<code>shifters.txt</code>。 该词典采用逗号分隔值（Comma-Separated Values, CSV）格式存储，每行遵循<code>POS,LEMMA,SHIFTER_LABEL,SOURCE</code>的格式规范。 <code>POS</code>：词汇的词类，可取值为<code>verb（动词）</code>、<code>noun（名词）</code>、<code>adj（形容词）</code>。 <code>LEMMA</code>：目标词汇的词元形式，多词表达通过下划线连接（如<code>WORD_WORD</code>格式）。 <code>SHIFTER_LABEL</code>：标注该词汇是否为极性转换词，可取值为<code>SHIFTER（极性转换词）</code>或<code>NONSHIFTER（非极性转换词）</code>。 <code>SOURCE</code>：标注该词汇的来源，可取值为<code>GOLD_STANDARD（金标准标注）</code>或<code>BOOTSTRAPPED（自举生成）</code>。所有标注（包括金标准标注与自举生成的标注）均经过人工审核。 <strong>2. 情感动词短语数据集</strong> 该数据集包含一系列动词短语（Verb Phrase, VP），标注了动词短语本身的极性以及其所包含的极性名词的极性，可用于评估极性分类器是否能够正确识别极性转换现象。数据集中前400条为包含转换动词的短语，剩余2231条为包含非转换动词的短语。数据文件为<code>sentiment_phrases.txt</code>。 每条数据项包含以下内容：提取该动词短语与极性名词的源句、动词短语（VP）本身、极性名词以及该动词短语的核心动词、动词短语的成分句法分析结果、人工标注的动词短语与极性名词的金标准标签、基于RNTN标注器（Socher等人，2013）与<code>LEX_gold</code>方法得到的动词短语与极性名词的预测标签。不同数据项之间以星号（*）组成的行分隔。 <strong>引用声明</strong> 本数据集源自以下发表成果：Schulder, Marc、Wiegand, Michael与Ruppenhofer, Josef（2020），论文标题为<strong>《情感极性转换词词典的自动构建》</strong>，发表于<em>Natural Language Engineering</em>，DOI: 10.1017/S135132492000039X。若您在研究或工作中使用本数据集，请引用该论文。