QFlow Triangles: Quantum dot triangle plots data for machine learning

Arrays of QDs--interconnected islands of electrons confined in a semiconductor heterostructure with unique properties that allow them to act as artificial atoms--are a leading candidate for use as qubits, the fundamental information carriers in quantum computers. Scaling these systems to large arrays suitable for quantum computations is challenging. As the number of QDs grows, the number of gates needed to control them grows, making the manual tuning process unfeasible. Establishing a stable configuration of electrons in space is a non-trivial task achieved via electrostatic confinement, band-gap engineering, and dynamically adjusted voltages on nearby electrical gates. A key task is to determine a good set of control parameters (gate voltages) to achieve a desired charge configuration--in terms of number, location, and connectivity--for a successful experiment. One sub-problem within the tuning procedure is determining the voltage placement of gates to allow the formation of isolated one-dimensional (1D) current channels inside the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the intersection of the Si and Si$_{x}$Ge$_{1-x}$ layers in the heterostructure. The 1D current channels are formed by selectively removing 2DEG from certain regions of the device. The formation of the channel manifests as a triangular-sloped region (the so-called triangle plots).量子点（Quantum Dots，以下简称QDs）是被限制于半导体异质结中的电子互联岛，其独特性质使其可充当人工原子，是作为量子计算机核心信息载体量子比特的主流候选方案之一。将此类系统扩展至适配量子计算的大规模阵列极具挑战：随着QDs数量增加，所需控制栅极的数量同步攀升，手动调谐过程将不再可行。构建空间内电子的稳定构型并非易事，需通过静电限域、带隙工程以及对邻近电学栅极的动态电压调节来实现。其中一项核心任务是确定一组最优控制参数（即栅极电压），以达成实验所需的电荷构型——涵盖电荷数量、空间位置与连通性——保障实验顺利开展。 调谐流程中的一个子问题，是确定栅极的电压配置，使得在异质结中Si与SiₓGe₁₋ₓ层界面处形成的二维电子气（Two-dimensional Electron Gas，2DEG）内部，能够生成孤立的一维（1D）电流通道。该一维电流通道通过有选择性地移除器件特定区域内的二维电子气形成，其形成过程会呈现出三角斜率区域，即所谓的“三角图”。