Keeping pace with your eating: Visual feedback affects eating rate in humans

Raw data for the paper entitled "Keeping pace with your eating: Visual feedback affects eating rate in humans". Abstract: Deliberately eating at a slower pace promotes satiation and produces a sustained reduction in body weight. Therefore, understanding factors that affect eating rate should be given high priority. Eating rate is affected by the physical/textural properties of a food, by motivational state, and by portion size and palatability. This study explored the prospect that eating rate is also influenced by a hitherto unexplored cognitive process that uses ongoing perceptual estimates of the volume of food remaining in a container to adjust intake during a meal. A 2 (amount seen; 300ml or 500ml) x 2 (amount eaten; 300ml or 500ml) between-subjects design was employed (10 participants in each condition). In two ‘congruent’ conditions, the same amount was seen at the outset and then subsequently consumed (300ml or 500ml). To dissociate visual feedback of portion size and actual amount consumed, food was covertly added or removed from a bowl using a peristaltic pump. This created two additional ‘incongruent’ conditions, in which 300ml was seen but 500ml was eaten or vice versa. We repeated these conditions using a savoury soup and a sweet dessert. Eating rate (ml per second) was assessed during lunch. After lunch we assessed fullness over a 60-minute period. In the congruent conditions, eating rate was unaffected by the actual volume of food that was consumed (300ml or 500ml). By contrast, we observed a marked difference across the incongruent conditions. Specifically, participants who saw 300ml but actually consumed 500ml ate at a faster rate than participants who saw 500ml but actually consumed 300ml. Participants were unaware that their portion size had been manipulated. Nevertheless, when it disappeared faster or slower than anticipated they adjusted their rate of eating accordingly. This suggests that the control of eating rate involves visual feedback and is not a simple reflexive response to orosensory stimulation.

本数据集为题为"匹配进食节奏：视觉反馈对人类进食速率的影响"的论文配套原始数据。
摘要：刻意放缓进食速度可提升饱腹感并实现体重的持续降低。因此，探究影响进食速率的各类因素应被列为优先研究方向。进食速率受食物物理/质地特性、动机状态、分量大小及适口性的影响。本研究探讨了一种此前未被关注的认知过程对进食速率的影响：该过程通过对容器内剩余食物体积的实时感知评估，在进餐过程中调整进食量。本研究采用2（初始可见分量：300ml或500ml）×2（实际进食分量：300ml或500ml）的被试间设计（between-subjects design），每组包含10名被试。在两组"一致组"条件中，被试初始可见的食物分量与实际进食分量一致（300ml或500ml）。为分离分量视觉反馈与实际进食量的影响，研究人员通过蠕动泵（peristaltic pump）暗中向碗中添加或移除食物，由此创设了两组"不一致组"条件：即初始可见300ml但实际进食500ml，或反之。本研究分别使用咸味汤与甜味甜点重复了上述实验条件。实验于午餐时段评估进食速率（单位：毫升/秒），并在午餐后60分钟内评估被试的饱腹感变化。在一致组条件中，进食速率不受实际进食食物体积（300ml或500ml）的影响。与之形成鲜明对比的是，不一致组条件下呈现出显著差异：具体而言，初始可见300ml但实际进食500ml的被试，其进食速率快于初始可见500ml但实际进食300ml的被试。被试均未意识到自己的食物分量被操控。尽管如此，当食物剩余量的变化快于或慢于预期时，被试会相应调整进食速率。这表明进食速率的调控依赖视觉反馈，并非仅为对口腔感官刺激（orosensory stimulation）的简单反射性响应。