EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON DRY MATTER CONTENT IN CORN HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS

Dry matter (DM) content is a critical physiological indicator in corn cultivation, reflecting the plant's efficiency in converting solar energy and nutrients into biomass. It determines the nutritional value of the crop, the optimal timing for harvest, and the storage stability of the grain. While genetic factors primarily dictate the potential for dry matter accumulation, environmental conditions and mineral nutrition specifically the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and essential micronutrients play a decisive role in how this matter is distributed among the grain, leaves, and stalks. This study evaluates the patterns of dry matter accumulation and distribution in corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by hybrid genotype, mineral fertilizer dosage, and microfertilizer application. Field experiments conducted in 2022 involved four hybrids representing different maturity groups: mid-early (Amaros, Bogatyr) and mid-season (KWS 381, Carifols). The research focused on the effects of varying NPK levels N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90) and specialized micronutrient treatments, including YaraVita and YaraTera products, using the thermostatic-weight method for DM determination. The results indicate that DM content is highly differentiated by plant part, with the highest concentrations found in the grain (58.6–63.4%) and the lowest in the stalks (22.1–25.3%). Mineral fertilization was found to have a slight depressive effect on DM percentage, with reductions of 0.3–1.3% observed as NPK doses increased compared to the control. While microfertilizers did not significantly alter DM content, a positive trend was noted with the combination of YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and YaraVita Kombiphos. Among the studied genotypes, the Bogatyr hybrid exhibited the highest average DM content at 39.2%. Despite individual variations, no significant differences were observed between the mid-early and mid-season groups regarding total plant dry matter. Correlation analysis revealed a high degree of synchronization in DM accumulation across the plant, with a particularly strong correlation between total plant dry matter and grain content (r=0.94). These findings suggest that while genotype remains a primary factor in DM distribution, high-intensity mineral fertilization may slightly shift the moisture-to-dry matter ratio in corn tissues.干物质（Dry matter，DM）含量是玉米栽培中的关键生理指标，可反映植株将太阳能与养分转化为生物量的效率。其不仅决定作物的营养价值、最佳收获时期，还影响籽粒的储藏稳定性。尽管干物质积累潜力主要由遗传因素决定，但环境条件与矿质营养——尤其是氮、磷、钾及必需微量元素的平衡——对干物质在籽粒、叶片与茎秆中的分配起着决定性作用。 本研究针对杂交基因型、矿质肥料施用量及微肥施用对玉米（Zea mays L.）干物质积累与分配规律的影响展开评估。2022年开展的田间试验选用了4个不同熟期组的杂交品种：中早熟品种Amaros、Bogatyr，以及中熟品种KWS 381、Carifols。本研究重点考察了不同水平的NPK施肥方案（N90P60K60、N120P90K90）以及包括YaraVita、YaraTera系列产品在内的专用微量元素肥处理的效应，并采用恒温重量法测定干物质含量。 研究结果显示，玉米不同器官的干物质含量差异显著：籽粒中干物质浓度最高（58.6%~63.4%），茎秆中最低（22.1%~25.3%）。矿质施肥对干物质百分含量存在轻微抑制效应：与对照组相比，随着NPK施用量提升，干物质百分含量降低了0.3%~1.3%。尽管微肥并未显著改变干物质含量，但联用YaraTera Tenso Cocktail与YaraVita Kombiphos时呈现出正向变化趋势。 在所考察的基因型中，Bogatyr杂交品种的平均干物质含量最高，达39.2%。尽管各品种间存在个体差异，但中早熟组与中熟组的植株总干物质含量并无显著差异。相关性分析结果显示，植株各器官的干物质积累高度同步，其中植株总干物质与籽粒干物质含量间的相关性极强（r=0.94）。本研究结果表明，尽管基因型仍是决定干物质分配的核心因素，但高用量矿质施肥可能会轻微改变玉米组织中的水分与干物质比例。