Data Release: Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande

This data release accompanies the article ["Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04409). The data provided here includes observed average neutron multiplicity in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande (SK) as a function of the event's visible energy, along with model predictions using various combinations of final-state interaction (FSI) models and secondary hadron interaction models. For details on the data selection and compared models, please refer to the associated article on [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04409). Files Included: 1. `x_bin_edges.txt`:Contains the x bin edges for all data, formatted as a list, which is equivalent to `np.logspace(np.log10(30), 4, 51)` in `numpy`. The bin edges are common for all event types included in the two comma-delimited csv files below. 2. `data_observations.csv`:Contains the observed SK data. - `event_type`: (`all`, `sr`, `mr`) - `all`: All events that pass the selection criteria. - `sr`: Single-ring events only. - `mr`: Multi-ring events only. - `x_bin_id`: Bin ID to match between data observations and model predictions. - `x_bin_center`: Mean value of visible energy for events in the x bin. - `y_nmult_est`: Average estimated neutron multiplicity for events in the x bin. Data includes estimated y errors: - `yerr_total`: Total uncertainty for the observed `y_nmult_est`, calculated as the L2 norm of the following uncertainty components. - `yerr_stat`: Statistical uncertainty. - `yerr_effscale`: Systematic uncertainty due to uncertainty in neutron signal efficiency scale (assumed to be fully correlated across all bins) - `yerr_other`: Other systematic uncertainties (assumed to be independent and uncorrelated across bins) 3. `model_predictions.csv`:Contains various model predictions for comparison with the observed data. - `fsi_model`: FSI model used within neutrino event generators: (`"neut_5.4.0"`, `"neut_5.6.3"`, `"genie_ha"`, `"genie_hn"`, `"genie_bert"`, `"genie_incl"`) - `sec_model`: Secondary hadron-nucleus interaction model used within detector simulators: (`"sk45_default"`, `"sk6_default"`, `"g3_gcalor"`, `"g4_bert"`, `"g4_bert_pc"`, `"g4_incl_pc"`) ---本数据集配套发表于论文《超级神冈探测器中大气中微子相互作用的中子产生测量》（原文标题：Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande，论文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04409）。本次提供的数据包含超级神冈探测器（Super-Kamiokande，以下简称SK）中大气中微子相互作用事例的观测平均中子多重数随事例可见能量的变化关系，同时包含采用不同末态相互作用（final-state interaction, FSI）模型与次级强子相互作用模型组合得到的理论预言结果。 关于数据选取与对比模型的详细信息，请参阅预印本平台arXiv上的配套论文（https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04409）。 包含文件如下： 1. `x_bin_edges.txt`：存储所有数据的x轴分箱边界，格式为列表，等价于Python数值计算库NumPy中的`np.logspace(np.log10(30), 4, 51)`。该分箱边界适用于下述两个逗号分隔格式的CSV文件中的所有事例类型。 2. `data_observations.csv`：存储观测得到的SK实验数据。 - `event_type`（事例类型）：可选值为`all`、`sr`、`mr` - `all`：所有满足选取标准的事例 - `sr`：仅单环事例 - `mr`：仅多环事例 - `x_bin_id`：用于匹配观测数据与模型预言的分箱ID - `x_bin_center`：该分箱内事例的可见能量均值 - `y_nmult_est`：该分箱内事例的平均估计中子多重数 数据包含估计的y轴误差： - `yerr_total`：观测值`y_nmult_est`的总不确定度，计算方式为下述各不确定度分量的L2范数 - `yerr_stat`：统计不确定度 - `yerr_effscale`：由中子信号效率刻度不确定度引入的系统不确定度（假定所有分箱间完全相关） - `yerr_other`：其余系统不确定度（假定各分箱间独立且不相关） 3. `model_predictions.csv`：存储各类用于与观测数据对比的模型预言结果。 - `fsi_model`：中微子事件产生器中使用的末态相互作用模型，可选值为`"neut_5.4.0"`、`"neut_5.6.3"`、`"genie_ha"`、`"genie_hn"`、`"genie_bert"`、`"genie_incl"` - `sec_model`：探测器模拟中使用的次级强子-原子核相互作用模型，可选值为`"sk45_default"`、`"sk6_default"`、`"g3_gcalor"`、`"g4_bert"`、`"g4_bert_pc"`、`"g4_incl_pc"`