Nutritional Composition, Metabolisable Energy and Total Use of Sunflower Seed Cake for Meat Quail

ABSTRACT We determined the nutritional and energy compositions of sunflower seed cake (SC) and examined the effects of its inclusion in the diet of meat quail. A metabolism trial was performed employing the total excreta collection method, with 144 quails that were assigned to three treatments (control diet and two test diets in which SC replaced 20 and 40% of the control diet) in a completely randomised design (CRD) with six replicates of eight birds. The values determined of dry matter, crude protein and metabolisable energy were 94.72%, 24.29% and 2,629 kcal/kg, respectively. For the performance trial, 432 quails were assigned to six treatments (dietary inclusion of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% SC) in a CRD with six replicates of 12 birds. The metabolic coefficients of dry matter (MCDM) and gross energy (MCGE) of the diet decreased linearly with increasing SC levels. Compared with the control group, SC inclusion at levels greater than 10% resulted in lower MCDM and MCGE values, whereas SC inclusion at 20 and 25% reduced AMEn. Weight gain, feed conversion and economic viability parameters showed a quadratic response, with the best values obtained at the respective SC levels of 15.5, 14.0, and 15.4%. Gizzard weight increased linearly with the inclusion of SC, whereas bone quality was not affected. Sunflower cake can be used up to 25% in diets of meat quails without compromising their performance. However, the best feed conversion and economic viability are obtained with an SC inclusion level of 15%.摘要 本研究测定了向日葵籽饼（sunflower seed cake, SC）的营养与能量组成，并探讨了其在肉用鹌鹑日粮中的添加效果。试验采用全收粪法开展代谢试验，选取144只肉用鹌鹑，按完全随机设计（completely randomised design, CRD）分为3个处理组，即基础日粮组与SC分别替代基础日粮20%、40%的2个试验日粮组，每组设置6个重复，每个重复含8只鹌鹑。本试验测得SC的干物质、粗蛋白与代谢能值分别为94.72%、24.29%与2629 kcal/kg。生长性能试验选取432只肉用鹌鹑，同样采用完全随机设计，分为6个处理组，日粮SC添加水平分别为0、5、10、15、20、25%，每组设置6个重复，每个重复含12只鹌鹑。结果显示，日粮的干物质代谢系数（MCDM）与总能代谢系数（MCGE）随SC添加水平升高呈线性降低趋势。与对照组相比，SC添加水平高于10%时会显著降低MCDM与MCGE值，而SC添加水平为20%和25%时会降低氮校正表观代谢能（AMEn）。增重、饲料转化率与经济可行性参数均呈二次响应趋势，最优值分别出现在SC添加水平为15.5%、14.0%与15.4%时。肌胃重量随SC添加水平升高呈线性增加，而骨骼品质未受显著影响。综上，肉用鹌鹑日粮中SC的最高安全添加水平可达25%，不会对其生长性能产生不利影响，但当日粮SC添加水平为15%时，可获得最优的饲料转化率与经济可行性。