Version 2

The purpose of this project was to measure and estimate the distribution of income in both rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China. The principal investigators based their definition of income on cash payments and on a broad range of additional components: payments in kind valued at market prices, agricultural output produced for self-consumption valued at market prices, the value of ration coupons and other direct subsidies, and the imputed value of housing. The rural component of this collection consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual rural respondents reported on their employment status, level of education, Communist Party membership, type of employer (e.g., public, private, or foreign), type of economic sector in which employed, occupation, whether they held a second job, retirement status, monthly pension, monthly wage, and other sources of income. Demographic variables include relationship to householder, gender, age, and student status. Rural households reported extensively on the character of the household and residence. Information was elicited on type of terrain surrounding the house, geographic position, type of house, and availability of electricity. Also reported were sources of household income (e.g., farming, industry, government, rents, and interest), taxes paid, value of farm, total amount and type of cultivated land, financial assets and debts, quantity and value of various crops (e.g., grains, cotton, flax, sugar, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, tea, seeds, nuts, lumber, livestock and poultry, eggs, fish and shrimp, wool, honey, and silkworm cocoons), amount of grain purchased or provided by a collective, use of chemical fertilizers, gasoline, and oil, quantity and value of agricultural machinery, and all household expenditures (e.g., food, fuel, medicine, education, transportation, and electricity). The urban component of this collection also consists of two data files, one in which the individual is the unit of analysis and a second in which the household is the unit of analysis. Individual urban respondents reported on their economic status within the household, Communist Party membership, sex, age, nature of employment, and relationship to the household head. Information was collected on all types and sources of income from each member of the household whether working, nonworking, or retired, all revenue received by owners of private or individual enterprises, and all in-kind payments (e.g., food and durable and non-durable goods). Urban households reported total income (including salaries, interest on savings and bonds, dividends, rent, leases, alimony, gifts, and boarding fees), all types and values of food rations received, and total debt. Information was also gathered on household accommodations and living conditions, including number of rooms, total living area in square meters, availability and cost of running water, sanitary facilities, heating and air-conditioning equipment, kitchen availability, location of residence, ownership of home, and availability of electricity and telephone. Households reported on all of their expenditures including amounts spent on food items such as wheat, rice, edible oils, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, fish and seafood, sugar, and vegetables by means of both coupons in state-owned stores and at free market prices. Information was also collected on rents paid by the households, fuel available, type of transportation used, and availability and use of medical and child care. The Chinese Household Income Project collected data in 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. ICPSR holds data from the first three collections, and information about these can be found on the series description page. Data collected in 2007 are available through the China Institute for Income Distribution.

本项目旨在测算并估算中华人民共和国城乡地区的收入分布状况。项目首席研究员将收入定义为现金支付，以及一系列广义附加构成：按市场价格计价的实物支付、用于自给自足的农产品产出（按市场价格估值）、配给券与其他直接补贴的价值，以及住房的估算价值。

本数据集的农村模块包含两份数据文件，分别以个体和家庭作为分析单元。农村个体受访者需报告其就业状况、受教育水平、中国共产党党员身份、雇主类型（如公有、私有或外资）、所属经济部门类型、职业、是否从事第二职业、退休状态、月养老金、月工资及其他收入来源。人口统计变量包括与户主的亲属关系、性别、年龄以及学生身份。农村家庭则需详细报告家庭与居住情况：涵盖房屋周边地形类型、地理位置、住宅类型及电力供应情况。同时需申报的内容还包括家庭收入来源（如农业、工业、政府补助、租金与利息收入等）、缴纳的税款、农场价值、耕地总面积与类型、金融资产与负债、各类农作物的产量与价值（如谷物、棉花、亚麻、糖类、烟草、果蔬、茶叶、种子、坚果、木材、畜禽、禽蛋、鱼虾、羊毛、蜂蜜与蚕茧等）、集体提供或采购的粮食数量、化肥、汽油与油料的使用量、农业机械的数量与价值，以及所有家庭支出（如食品、燃料、医药、教育、交通与电力支出等）。

本数据集的城市模块同样包含两份数据文件，分别以个体和家庭作为分析单元。城市个体受访者需报告其在家庭中的经济地位、中国共产党党员身份、性别、年龄、就业性质以及与户主的亲属关系。研究人员收集了家庭所有成员（无论在职、无业或退休）的各类收入与来源、私人或个体企业所有者获得的全部营收，以及所有实物支付（如食品、耐用与非耐用消费品等）相关信息。城市家庭需申报总收入（包括薪资、储蓄与债券利息、股息、租金、租赁收入、赡养费、赠与收入与寄宿费等）、领取的各类食品配给及其价值，以及总负债情况。同时还需收集家庭住宿与居住条件信息，包括房间数量、总居住面积（平方米）、自来水供应情况与成本、卫生设施、供暖与空调设备、厨房配备情况、居住区位、房屋所有权，以及电力与电话供应情况。家庭需申报所有支出，包括通过国有商店配给券及自由市场价格购买的各类食品支出，如小麦、大米、食用油、猪肉、牛羊肉、禽肉、鱼虾海鲜、食糖与蔬菜等。此外还收集了家庭支付的租金、可用燃料、使用的交通方式，以及医疗与托儿服务的可获得性与使用情况。

中国家庭收入项目（Chinese Household Income Project）分别于1988年、1995年、2002年与2007年开展数据收集工作。国际高校政治与社会研究联盟（Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research，以下简称ICPSR）持有前三次调查的数据，相关信息可在该系列数据集的描述页面查询。2007年的调查数据可通过中国收入分配研究院获取。