Variables associated with the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs on the tri-border of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from localities in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná state, Brazil, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. Blood samples dogs were collected to perform the following serologic tests: immunochromatographic DPP® rapid test, indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In 2012, 285 dogs were analyzed on Argentina border, and in 2013, serum samples from 396 dogs on the border of Paraguay were collected. Using ELISA for screening and IFA for the confirmatory test, the results showed that the antibody prevalence was 1.8% (5/285) on the border of Argentina and 3.0% (12/396) on Paraguay border. When using the DPP® for screening and ELISA as a confirmatory analysis, we observed a seroreagent prevalence in dogs of 2.5% (7/285) on Argentina border and 5.1% (20/396) on Paraguay border. The non-public collection of domestic waste (p= 0.0004) was shown to be associated with leishmaniasis. This study shows the presence of leishmaniasis and suggest the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in state of Paraná due to the confirmed occurrence of seroreactive dogs on Argentina and Paraguay border, which has environmental and geographical characteristics that favor the spread of the parasite.

摘要 本研究旨在调查巴西巴拉那州伊瓜苏港市（与阿根廷、巴拉圭接壤）各区域犬只体内抗利什曼原虫属（Leishmania spp.）抗体的检出情况。研究人员采集犬只血液样本，开展如下血清学检测：免疫层析DPP®快速检测法、间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）以及间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）。2012年，研究人员对阿根廷边境的285只犬只完成检测；2013年，采集了巴拉圭边境的396份犬只血清样本。以酶联免疫吸附试验作为初筛、间接免疫荧光试验作为确证实验时，结果显示阿根廷边境的抗体阳性率为1.8%（5/285），巴拉圭边境为3.0%（12/396）。若以DPP®快速检测法作为初筛、酶联免疫吸附试验作为确证分析，则阿根廷边境犬只的血清阳性率为2.5%（7/285），巴拉圭边境为5.1%（20/396）。未规范收集生活垃圾（p=0.0004）被证实与利什曼病存在显著关联。本研究证实了利什曼病在当地的流行，并提示：鉴于阿根廷、巴拉圭边境区域已确诊存在血清反应阳性犬只，且该区域的环境与地理特征均有利于寄生虫传播扩散，巴拉那州或已出现犬内脏利什曼病。