Table 4 in New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy

Table 4. Comparison of Pseudostaurosira frankenae sp. nov. with selected, similar, congeneric, and cruciform to broadly lanceolate taxa. Features in bold italic font are defining for each taxon. *Internal view of P. caballeroae is unknown. Feature/speciesP. australopatagonica M.L. García, L.A. Villacís, Maidana & E. MoralesP. caballeroae V.H. Salinas, D. Mora, R. Jahn & N. Abarca *P. decipiens E. Morales, G. Chávez & EctorP. frankenae sp. nov.P. laucensis Lange-Bertalot & RumrichP. parasitica (W. Smith) E. MoralesP. pseudoconstruens (Marciniak) D.M. Williams & RoundValve dimensions (µm)L: 20-25 W: 6.5-9.0L: 13.8-17.7 W: 6.9-8.5L: 4-29 W: 4-6L: 8.7-12.0 W: 6.7-7.7L: 5.5-20.0 W: 3.5-5.5L: 9-18 W: 4.5-5.0L: 4-22 W: 3-7Stria density (in 10 µm)10-1213-1413-151414-1519-2115-18Valve outline; axial area; virgaeCruciform to rhomboid with subcapitate apices; lanceolate, wider at central area, clearly depressed with respect to virgae in outer view, slightly depressed in internal view; much wider than striaeCruciform with narrowly rounded ends; lanceolate, wider at central area; clearly depressed with respect to striae in external view; wideLanceolate with rostrate ends; lanceolate wider at central area, externally slightly depressed with respect to virgae, internally at the same level as the latter; wideCruciform with broadly rounded ends; lanceolate, wider at central area; clearly depressed with respect to striae in external and internal view; slender than striaeLanceolate to rhomboid with narrowly subrostrate to cuneate ends; lanceolate, faintly depressed with respect to virgae in outer view, flat in internal view; wideLanceolate with narrowly rounded to subcapitate ends; lanceolate, wider at central area, clearly depressed with respect to virgae in external and internal view; as wide as striaeCruciform with broadly rounded to subcapitate ends; lanceolate wider at central area, slightly depressed with respect to virgae in external and internal view; much wider than striaeAreolae; volae; striaeRound at apices to elliptically elongate; large generally growing opposite from shorter axis of areolae, internally forming a dendritic pattern; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, 1 large, round to ovoid on valve mantleRound at apices to elliptically elongate, sometimes only 1 very long on valve face; smaller, bifurcate and growing from longer areolar axis; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, valve mantle areola not clearly illustratedRound to ovoid; diapason shaped and further bifurcate at the valve interior, allowing the internal deposition of two concentric disks of inorganic material; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face and 1 large, trapezoid on mantle, sometimes an extra round one present on mantleRound to elliptic; smaller, bifurcate, allowing the internal deposition of an elliptic disk of inorganic material; composed of 1-4 areolae on valve face and a single, large, trapezoid one on mantleRound to elliptic; developed with ring-like depositions distorted in different ways at the valve interior; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, decreasing in size toward axial area and a single, slightly larger, elliptic to trapezoid on the mantleRound at apices to elliptically elongate; small, usually originating from smaller axis of valve; composed typically of 1, unusually 2, areolae on valve face, typically one smaller areola on valve mantleRound to elliptic; smaller, bifurcate, originating from inner areolar perimeter; composed of 1-4 areolae on valve face, 1-2 on valve mantle, of same size as valve face areolaeSpines; stipules; flapsIncipient, forming a short arch-like structure extending from virgae to virgae; absent; absentVery thin, flattened, extending from virgae to virgae, forming an undulate to dentate pattern on valve face/mantle transition; absent; absentSolid, elliptic base, as wide as basal vimen, flattened body with concave sides, spatulate or heart-shaped tip; absent; absent, only mineral depositions resembling floating disks on outer areolar openingSolid, round to elliptic base, wider than basal vimen, triangular in side view, flattened upper body with bifurcate tip; absent; disk-like, 1 persistent in valve face areolae; 1-3 in mantle areolaeIncipient and occurring as whitish depositions along valve face/mantle transition; absent, absentAbsent; absent; absentSolid, with long elliptic base, shorter than basal virgae on which they grow, flattened body with concave sides, highly branched tips; absent; absentApical pore fields; mantle abvalvar blistersCavernous and large, almost covering entire valve apex with poroids at the base of troughs, internally opening into a single elliptic depression; small, absent from the apicesCavernous and large, almost covering entire valve apex with poroids at the base of troughs, internally unknown; excess depositions impede visualization in original illustrationsCavernous, from 1 to several rows of poroids can be seen externally, internally a roundish depression contains several rows or poroids; developed, present including at valve apicesCavernous, only one transapical row of poroids can be seen externally, internally, a round depression contains various rows of poroids; developed, present including at valve apicesNon-cavernous, sunken onto valve apex in external view, internal view unknown; small, not covering apicesCavernous, visibly sunken onto valve apex and occupying almost its entirety, pores lie at bottom of troughs, internally plaque of pores is raised; very small and absent from apicesVery reduced externally, internally opening into a small depressed circular area; small and present at apicesReferencesGarcía et al. (2021)Salinas et al. (2020)Morales et al. (2012b)This studyServant-Vildary (1986), Rumrich et al. (2000)Morales (2003a, 2010)Williams and Round (1987)表4 新种弗兰克氏伪短缝藻（Pseudostaurosira frankenae sp. nov.）与选取的相似近缘同属类群及十字形至宽披针形类群的比较。粗斜体标注的特征为各分类单元的鉴别特征。*表示卡瓦列罗伪短缝藻（P. caballeroae V.H. Salinas, D. Mora, R. Jahn & N. Abarca）的内部观尚未明确。 特征/物种|P. australopatagonica M.L. García, L.A. Villacís, Maidana & E. Morales|P. caballeroae V.H. Salinas, D. Mora, R. Jahn & N. Abarca *|P. decipiens E. Morales, G. Chávez & Ector|P. frankenae sp. nov.|P. laucensis Lange-Bertalot & Rumrich|P. parasitica (W. Smith) E. Morales|P. pseudoconstruens (Marciniak) D.M. Williams & Round 瓣片尺寸（µm）|长：20~25，宽：6.5~9.0|长：13.8~17.7，宽：6.9~8.5|长：4~29，宽：4~6|长：8.7~12.0，宽：6.7~7.7|长：5.5~20.0，宽：3.5~5.5|长：9~18，宽：4.5~5.0|长：4~22，宽：3~7 纹线密度（每10 µm内）|10~12|13~14|13~15|14|14~15|19~21|15~18 瓣片轮廓；轴区；肋突|呈十字形至菱形，具亚头状端；披针形，中央区较宽；外部观下明显凹于肋突，内部观下略凹；宽度远大于纹线|呈十字形，端窄圆；披针形，中央区较宽；外部观下明显凹于纹线；宽度较大|呈披针形，具喙状端；披针形，中央区较宽，外部观下略凹于肋突，内部观下与肋突平齐；宽度较大|呈十字形，端宽圆；披针形，中央区较宽；内外观下均明显凹于纹线；窄于纹线|呈披针形至菱形，具亚喙状至楔状端；披针形，外部观下略凹于肋突，内部观下平坦；宽度较大|呈披针形，端窄圆至亚头状；披针形，中央区较宽，内外观下均明显凹于肋突；宽度与纹线一致|呈十字形，端宽圆至亚头状；披针形，中央区较宽，内外观下略凹于肋突；宽度远大于纹线 壳室；脊突；纹线|端区壳室圆形至椭圆长形，通常沿壳室短轴对生，内部呈树枝状结构；壳面每列纹线含1~2个壳室，壳套具1个大型圆形至卵圆形壳室|端区壳室圆形至椭圆长形，部分壳面仅具1个极长壳室；小型，分叉且沿壳室长轴生长；壳面每列纹线含1~2个壳室，壳套壳室未明确图示|壳室圆形至卵圆形；内部呈双叉状阶梯形，可使无机物质在内部沉积为两层同心圆盘；壳面每列纹线含1~2个壳室，壳套具1个大型梯形壳室，部分壳套还具额外圆形壳室|壳室圆形至椭圆形；小型，分叉，可使无机物质在内部沉积为椭圆形圆盘；壳面每列纹线含1~4个壳室，壳套具1个大型梯形壳室|壳室圆形至椭圆形；内部具环状沉积且形态各异；壳面每列纹线含1~2个壳室，向轴区逐渐变小，壳套具1个略大的椭圆形至梯形壳室|端区壳室圆形至椭圆长形；小型，通常沿壳面短轴生长；壳面每列纹线通常含1个，偶见2个壳室，壳套通常具1个较小壳室|壳室圆形至椭圆形；小型，分叉，起源于壳室内部边缘；壳面每列纹线含1~4个壳室，壳套含1~2个壳室，尺寸与壳面壳室一致 棘刺；柄状突；翼状结构|雏形，形成短弓状结构连接相邻肋突；无；无|极细且扁平，连接相邻肋突，在壳面/壳套过渡处形成波状至齿状图案；无；无|具实心椭圆形基部，宽度与基肋一致，体扁平且边缘凹陷，顶端呈匙形或心形；无；无|具实心圆形至椭圆形基部，宽度大于基肋，侧面观呈三角形，上部体扁平且顶端分叉；无；壳套壳室处具1个持久盘状结构；壳面壳室处具1~3个盘状结构|雏形，呈白色沉积状沿壳面/壳套过渡处分布；无；无|无；无；无|具实心长椭圆形基部，短于着生的肋突，体扁平且边缘凹陷，顶端高度分叉；无；无 端孔区；壳套外突|洞穴状且较大，几乎覆盖整个瓣端，槽底具孔纹，内部开口为单一椭圆形凹陷；小型，端区无该结构|洞穴状且较大，几乎覆盖整个瓣端，槽底具孔纹，内部结构未知；原始图示中因过量沉积无法观察|洞穴状，外部可见1至数行孔纹，内部可见圆形凹陷内含数行孔纹；发育完全，分布至瓣端|洞穴状，外部仅可见1列横向孔纹，内部可见圆形凹陷内含数行孔纹；发育完全，分布至瓣端|非洞穴状，外部观下凹陷于瓣端，内部结构未知；小型，未覆盖瓣端|洞穴状，外部观下明显凹陷于瓣端且几乎覆盖整个瓣端，孔纹位于槽底，内部孔纹斑块隆起；小型，端区无该结构|外部极退化，内部开口为小型凹陷圆形区域；小型，分布于瓣端 参考文献|García等（2021）|Salinas等（2020）|Morales等（2012b）|本研究|Servant-Vildary（1986）、Rumrich等（2000）|Morales（2003a, 2010）|Williams和Round（1987）