Number of studies in a 10-year scale.

Birds share lands with humans at a substantial scale and affect crops. Yet, at a global scale, systematic evaluations of human–bird coexistence in croplands are scarce. Here, we compiled and used meta-analysis approaches to synthesize multiple global datasets of ecological and social dimensions to understand this complex coexistence system. Our result shows that birds usually increase woody, but not herbaceous, crop production, implying that crop loss mitigation efforts are critical for a better coexistence. We reveal that many nonlethal technical measures are more effective in reducing crop loss, e.g., using scaring devices and changing sow practices, than other available methods. Besides, we find that stakeholders from low-income countries are more likely to perceive the crop losses caused by birds and are less positive toward birds than those from high-income ones. Based on our evidence, we identified potential regional clusters, particularly in tropical areas, for implementing win-win coexistence strategies. Overall, we provide an evidence-based knowledge flow and solutions for stakeholders to integrate the conservation and management of birds in croplands.鸟类与人类在相当广阔的范围内共享土地，并对农作物产生影响。然而，全球范围内针对农田中人鸟共存的系统性评估仍较为匮乏。本研究通过整合并运用元分析（meta-analysis）方法，对多组涵盖生态与社会维度的全球数据集进行综合分析，以解析这一复杂的人鸟共存系统。研究结果显示，鸟类通常会提升木本作物的产量，但对草本作物产量无显著影响，这表明减轻作物损失的举措对于实现更良好的人鸟共存至关重要。本研究发现，诸多非致死性技术手段在减少作物损失方面比其他现有方法更为有效，例如使用驱鸟装置、调整播种耕作方式等。此外，相较于高收入国家的利益相关方，低收入国家的利益相关方更易察觉到鸟类带来的作物损失，且对鸟类的好感度更低。基于本研究的证据，我们识别出了可实施人鸟共赢共存策略的潜在区域集群，尤其是在热带地区。总体而言，本研究为利益相关方整合农田鸟类保护与管理工作提供了基于实证的知识体系与解决方案。