Supplementary Material - Personal care products and biomarkers of detoxification and oxidative stress in bivalves: A systematic review of laboratory studies

There is increasing concern about the presence and potential adverse effects of emerging contaminants, such as UV filters and synthetic musk fragrances, in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information about the sublethal effects and ecological risks of these substances to non-target organisms. To better understand the mechanisms of these contaminants in bivalves, a systematic review of oxidative biomarkers was performed. Bivalves were chosen as the focus of this work because they can provide integrated information related to contamination by ecotoxicologically relevant substances over time. Bibliographic database searches resulted in 10 articles published between 2019 and 2023. The biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase showed promising responses (increase or decrease) in the presence of the UV filters (oxybenzone, enzacamene, and octocrylene) and the fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide). Glutathione S-transferase showed the most significant increase in response to these compounds, making it the most promising biomarker. Our results indicate a limited number of studies on the toxicity of personal care products, highlighting the need for further research in this area.