Phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in the carnivorous genus Philcoxia (Plantaginaceae, Gratioleae)

Philcoxia (Plantaginaceae, Gratioleae) is a genus with seven species of small herbs endemic to Brazil. It is characterized by underground stems and petioles, peltate leaves, and zigzag racemose inflorescences, in addition to a remarkable carnivorous syndrome. The phylogenetic placement of Philcoxia within tribe Gratioleae has been uncertain since its discovery due to its unique morphology and limited data from phylogenetic studies. We tested the phylogenetic placement of Philcoxia within Gratioleae, increasing the number of species sampled within both the genus and the rest of the tribe, and sequencing four regions from cpDNA (rpl16, rps16, and trnL introns and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) and one from nrDNA (ITS1 spacer); we used both parsimony and Bayesian inference to reconstruct the phylogeny. Moreover, we assessed both the monophyly of the genus and interspecific relationships. Finally, we performed ancestral character state reconstructions of 10 morphological characters to inf...

菲尔科西亚属（Philcoxia）隶属于车前科（Plantaginaceae）水八角族（Gratioleae），是一类仅分布于巴西的小型草本植物属，共计7个物种。该属以地下茎与叶柄、盾状叶片、呈之字形的总状花序为典型特征，同时兼具显著的食虫特性。自该属被发现以来，由于其独特的形态特征以及系统发育研究数据有限，菲尔科西亚属在水八角族中的系统发育位置始终未能确定。本研究旨在明确菲尔科西亚属在水八角族中的系统发育位置：我们扩充了该属及水八角族其余类群的采样物种数量，对叶绿体DNA（cpDNA）的4个区域（rpl16、rps16、trnL内含子及trnL-trnF基因间隔区）以及核核糖体DNA（nrDNA）的1个区域（ITS1基因间隔区）进行测序，并通过最大简约法与贝叶斯推断两种方法重建系统发育树。此外，我们还评估了该属的单系性及属内物种间的系统发育关系。最后，我们针对10个形态学性状开展了祖先性状状态重建，以...