Overweight modifies the nutritional composition of human milk? A systematic review

Abstract This paper aims to identify the association between overweight and the nutritional composition of human milk. A systematic review was performed by searching on PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases, from May to June 2018, using keywords “Human Milk” AND “Overweight” OR “Obesity” OR “Body Mass Index”. The bibliographic search returned 435 papers after the duplicates were removed. Of this total, 12 papers were selected for abstract reading, and nine works were incorporated into this systematic review. Eight papers showed that overweight increased the total concentration of lipids or glucose or macronutrient fractions, and only one study found no association between overweight and the nutritional composition of human milk. Most works selected evidenced that obesity changed the total concentration of lipids and their fractions. Thus, we recommend that women’s weight and height be evaluated in the pregestational visit to identify and monitor nutritional deviations, contributing to weight adequacy before pregnancy and assisting in the production of milk with adequate nutritional composition.摘要 本研究旨在明确超重与母乳（Human Milk）营养成分之间的关联。研究于2018年5月至6月期间，在PubMed、虚拟健康图书馆（Virtual Health Library, BVS）、EMBASE、Web of Science及SCOPUS数据库中开展系统性文献检索，检索策略为“母乳（Human Milk）” AND “超重（Overweight）” OR “肥胖（Obesity）” OR “身体质量指数（Body Mass Index）”。本次检索共获取435篇文献，剔除重复文献后，对其中12篇进行摘要审阅并筛选，最终纳入9项研究完成本系统综述。其中8项研究显示，超重可升高母乳中总脂质、葡萄糖或宏量营养素组分的浓度；仅1项研究未发现超重与母乳营养成分存在关联。纳入的多数研究证实，肥胖会改变母乳总脂质及其组分的浓度。据此，我们建议在孕前访视时评估女性的身高与体重，以识别并监测营养异常，助力实现孕前体重适宜状态，辅助分泌营养成分适宜的母乳。