Statistics Anxiety, Feeling about Statistics, and Performance in Introductory Statistics

The survey contained demographic information of participants (gender, ethnicity, major, and past experience with statistics), an abbreviated form of the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire (STARS; Cruise et al., 1985), an adopted form of the Perceived Difficulty Assessment Questionnaire (PDAQ; Ribeiro & Yarnal, 2010), a measure of perceived usefulness of the instructor, a measure of students’ feeling about statistics, and an academic outcome variable consisting of students’ self-reported first exam score.