Charles James Fox at The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

Charles James Fox PC (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled The Honourable from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger. His father Henry, a leading Whig of his day, had similarly been the great rival of Pitt's famous father. He rose to prominence in the House of Commons as a forceful and eloquent speaker with a notorious and colourful private life, though his opinions were rather conservative and conventional. However, with the coming of the American War of Independence and the influence of the Whig Edmund Burke, Fox's opinions evolved into some of the most radical ever to be aired in the Parliament of his era.查尔斯·詹姆斯·福克斯（Charles James Fox，枢密院顾问Privy Council，缩写PC）于1749年1月24日出生，1806年9月13日逝世；1762年起获封‘阁下’头衔，是英国杰出的辉格党（Whig）政治家。其议会生涯横跨18世纪末至19世纪初，长达38年，同时也是小威廉·皮特（William Pitt the Younger）的头号政敌。他的父亲亨利是当时的辉格党领军人物，同样曾是皮特那位知名父亲的政敌。福克斯以言辞犀利、谈吐优雅的演说家形象在下议院（House of Commons）崭露头角，私生活则颇具争议且多姿多彩，尽管其政治观点起初偏向保守与传统。然而随着美国独立战争（American War of Independence）爆发，加之辉格党议员埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke）的影响，福克斯的政治观点逐渐演变为其所处时代英国议会中最激进的主张之一。