Experimental dataset of advanced bio-oil production from low-rank coal using microwave pyrolysis assisted by catalysts and receptors

The main processes of bio-oil production from low-rank coal (LRC) through microwave pyrolysis were microwave assisted catalytic + receptor pyrolysis (MACP). The main equipment used consists of a microwave, furnace, and distillation column with bubble-cap tray. The column was made from glass pipe equipped with connectors, condensers, and trays. The furnace used was made of stainless steel, the input power was 1200 W, the voltage was 220 V, and the maximum temperature was 750℃. The microwave used has an output power of 800 W, an input power of 1250 W, a voltage of 220 V, a magnetron frequency of 2.45 GHz, and an external dimension of 485 x 370 x 292.2 mm. The LRC pyrolysis process begins with showing the effect of temperature on the conversion of LRC into liquid fuel, syngas, and char at MACP. The initial conditions for the LRC pyrolysis research process were sub-bituminous; particle size 4 mesh; LRC mass 150 g; ratio of Fe2(SO4)3 to LRC 1:5; catalyst type HZSM-5 and activated carbon (AC); catalyst to LRC ratio 1:100, input power 450 W; time 60 minutes; and a process pressure of -10 mmH2O. The variables used were conventional pyrolysis (CP) + catalyst + receptor and MP + catalyst + receptor; reaction temperature is 570-650℃ (increase 10℃); input power was 0, 150, 225, 300, 325, 450, 525, 600, 700, and 800 W; time was 15-135 minutes (increase 15 minutes); LRC particle sizes are 4, 16, 40, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mesh. The magnitude of the pyrolysis product was the measurement of the yield of the product, which begins with determining the density of the liquid product and the total weight loss (TWL). The liquid yield was the total mass of the liquid divided by the mass of the feed times 100% (the total mass of the liquid was the mass accumulation of tray-I, tray-II, tray-III, and tray-end); char yield was char mass divided by feed mass multiplied by 100%; syngas yield is 100% subtracted from liquid yield and char yield; and TWL was the liquid yield plus the syngas yield. Several analyzes of pyrolysis products, including proximate analysis and micromorphology of char products. Proximate analysis performed through ASTM includes ASTM D3172-D3175 (ash content, moisture, fixed carbon, and volatile matter). Then micromorphology of LRC and char using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the crystal structure of LRC and char from the effects of HZSM-5 + Fe2(SO4)3 and AC + Fe2(SO4). Fourier transports infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to analyze the organic functional groups of tar and liquid fuels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the components of liquid fuel, tar, and syngas. Potential data can be used to convert LRC into liquid fuel and syngas through the MACP method.

以低阶煤（low-rank coal, LRC）为原料制备生物油的微波热解主要工艺为微波辅助催化-受体热解（microwave assisted catalytic + receptor pyrolysis, MACP）。所用主要设备包括微波源、管式炉以及泡罩塔蒸馏塔，该塔由玻璃管制成，配有接头、冷凝器与塔盘。所用管式炉采用不锈钢材质，输入功率1200 W，工作电压220 V，最高温度可达750℃。所用微波源输出功率800 W，输入功率1250 W，工作电压220 V，磁控管频率2.45 GHz，外形尺寸为485×370×292.2 mm。本次低阶煤热解实验以探究MACP工艺中温度对低阶煤转化为液体燃料、合成气及半焦的影响为起点。本次低阶煤热解研究的初始实验条件为：原料为次烟煤级低阶煤，粒径4目，投料质量150 g，硫酸铁（Fe₂(SO₄)₃）与低阶煤的质量比为1:5，催化剂选用HZSM-5与活性炭（activated carbon, AC），催化剂与低阶煤的质量比为1:100，输入功率450 W，反应时长60 min，工艺压力为-10 mmH₂O。实验变量包括常规热解（conventional pyrolysis, CP）+催化剂+受体工艺与微波热解（microwave pyrolysis, MP）+催化剂+受体工艺；反应温度区间为570~650℃，步长10℃；输入功率梯度为0、150、225、300、325、450、525、600、700及800 W；反应时长区间为15~135 min，步长15 min；低阶煤粒径梯度为4、16、40、80、100、150及200目。热解产物的产率为核心检测指标，检测流程首先包括液体产物密度与总失重率（total weight loss, TWL）的测定。液体产率为液体产物总质量与投料质量的比值乘以100%（其中液体产物总质量为塔盘I、塔盘II、塔盘III及塔尾收集物的质量总和）；半焦产率为半焦质量与投料质量的比值乘以100%；合成气产率为100%减去液体产率与半焦产率之和；总失重率则为液体产率与合成气产率之和。针对热解产物开展了多项表征分析，包括半焦产物的工业分析与微观形貌表征。工业分析依据美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）标准ASTM D3172~D3175执行，涵盖灰分、水分、固定碳与挥发分的测定。低阶煤与半焦的微观形貌采用扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM）进行表征。针对经HZSM-5+Fe₂(SO₄)₃与AC+Fe₂(SO₄)₃催化体系处理的低阶煤与半焦，开展X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction, XRD）晶体结构分析。采用傅里叶变换红外（Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR）光谱仪对焦油与液体燃料的有机官能团进行分析。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS）对液体燃料、焦油与合成气的组分进行分析。本数据集可用于支撑低阶煤通过MACP工艺转化为液体燃料与合成气的相关研究。