茶卡盐湖-世界地理数据大百科辞条

茶卡盐湖（Caka Salt Lake）位于青藏高原柴达木盆地东部，青海省境内。茶卡，又名达布逊淖尔，在蒙语、藏语中均意为“盐湖”。它是青海最早开发的盐湖。地理位置为36&deg45′34″N - 36&deg38′5″N，98&deg59′43″E - 99&deg12′25″E。茶卡盐湖位于青海南山与鄂拉山间的陆相断裂带上，系构造湖泊，湖区形似椭圆状，北侧为完颜通布山，南侧为旺秀山，东部为茶塘盆地。茶卡盐湖面积为139.39 km&sup2，湖岸线长74.27 km。湖区位于半干旱荒漠区，年降水量200 mm左右，年蒸发量2000 mm左右，水源主要依赖于地表径流和集水区内泉水涌出补给，湖区水域内有80多个泉眼，入湖的地表径流均为短小的间歇性溪流，其中流域较长的河流有高伟河和莫河。因其盐晶中含有矿物质，故盐晶呈青黑色，因此得名“青盐”，湖中矿物丰富，含有40余种化学成分的卤水。该数据集是在Google Earth遥感卫星影像（2015年）及相关的地图基础上研发完成。数据集存储为.kmz、.shp格式，由15个数据文件组成，数据量为337 KB（压缩为2个文件，137 KB）。

Caka Salt Lake, also referred to as Dabuxun Nuoer, is situated in the eastern Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, within the territory of Qinghai Province. In both Mongolian and Tibetan languages, the terms "Caka" and "Dabuxun Nuoer" both translate to "salt lake". It is the earliest developed salt lake in Qinghai Province. The geographic coordinates of the lake range from 36°45′34″N to 36°38′5″N and 98°59′43″E to 99°12′25″E. Caka Salt Lake lies on the continental fault zone between the South Qinghai Mountains and the Ela Mountains, and it is a tectonic lake. The lake area has an elliptical shape, with the Wanyantongbu Mountain to its north, Wangxiu Mountain to its south, and the Chatang Basin to its east. The lake covers an area of 139.39 km² and has a shoreline length of 74.27 km. The lake area is located in a semi-arid desert zone, with an annual precipitation of about 200 mm and an annual evaporation of approximately 2000 mm. Its water supply mainly comes from surface runoff and spring discharges within the catchment area; there are more than 80 springs in the lake waters, and all inflowing surface runoff are short intermittent streams, among which the Gaowei River and the Mo River are the longer ones. Due to the minerals contained in its salt crystals, the salt appears blue-black, thus earning the name "Qingyan (blue salt)". The lake is rich in minerals, with its brine containing more than 40 chemical components. This dataset was developed using Google Earth remote sensing satellite imagery from 2015 and relevant cartographic materials. The dataset is stored in .kmz and .shp formats, consisting of 15 individual data files, with a total size of 337 KB (compressed into 2 files with a total size of 137 KB).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是关于茶卡盐湖（Caka Salt Lake）的地理数据，基于2015年Google Earth影像和相关地图开发，包含湖泊的面积、位置、气候、水源等自然属性信息。数据集以矢量格式（.kmz和.shp）存储，数据量较小（337 KB），由青海师范大学地理科学学院的学者创建，适用于地理研究和教育用途。