Influence of Fertilization Methods and Types on Wheat Rhizosphere Microbiome Community and Functions

To investigate the effects of fertilization methods and types on wheat rhizosphere microorganisms, macroelement (N, K) and microelement (Zn) fertilizers were applied on wheat by foliar spraying (FS) and root irrigation (RI) methods in a field experiment. The results indicated that fertilization methods and types can have significant impacts on the diversity and structure of rhizospheric microorganisms in wheat. The application method produced more significant effects than the fertilizer type. RI-N played a more important role in improving the wheat yield and quality and affected the changes in some nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities. Finally, eight strains of bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas azotoformans and P. cedrina showed positive effects on the growth of wheat seedlings. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of the dynamics of wheat rhizosphere microbial communities and their relation to fertilization, yield, and quality, showing that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with nitrogen fixing may be a potential approach for more sustainable agriculture production.为探究施肥方式与肥料类型对小麦根际微生物的调控效应，本研究开展田间试验，采用叶面喷施（foliar spraying, FS）与根灌（root irrigation, RI）两种施肥方式，向小麦施加大量元素（氮(N)、钾(K)）及微量元素锌(Zn)肥料。研究结果表明，施肥方式与肥料类型均可对小麦根际微生物的多样性与群落结构产生显著影响，且施肥方式的调控效果较肥料类型更为突出。其中，根灌施氮肥（RI-N）在提升小麦产量与品质方面发挥了更为关键的作用，同时可调控部分固氮细菌群落的结构变化。最终，本研究获得8株隶属于产氮假单胞菌（Pseudomonas azotoformans）与雪松假单胞菌（P. cedrina）的细菌，其对小麦幼苗生长具有显著促生效果。综上，本研究深化了对小麦根际微生物群落动态及其与施肥措施、产量和品质之间关联的认知，表明具备固氮能力的植物促生根际细菌（plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria）可为可持续农业生产提供潜在可行路径。