AGE AND GENDER STRUCTURE OF STROKE INCIDENCE IN THE CITY OF ANDIJAN: ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONAL DATA

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Understanding regional age and gender characteristics of stroke incidence is essential for optimizing prevention and healthcare planning. Objective: To analyze the dynamics and age–gender structure of stroke incidence in the city of Andijan based on a three-year retrospective study (2023–2025). Materials and Methods: A retrospective epidemiological analysis included 6,842 cases of first-ever stroke registered in Andijan from 2023 to 2025. Diagnoses were verified clinically and by neuroimaging (CT/MRI). Incidence rates per 100,000 population, age- and sex-specific distribution, and the proportion of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were assessed. Stroke severity was evaluated using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.26.0 with linear trend and correlation analysis; differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Stroke incidence increased from 265.1±2.3 per 100,000 population in 2023 to 291.4±2.8 in 2025 (9.9% increase, p<0.05). Ischemic stroke predominated (82.4%), followed by hemorrhagic stroke (14.8%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (2.8%). Among individuals under 55 years, men predominated (1.8:1), while in those over 75 years women predominated (1:2.4). The peak incidence occurred at 60–69 years in men and 70–79 years in women. The mean age was higher in ischemic stroke compared to hemorrhagic stroke (68.4±1.2 vs. 61.5±1.8 years, p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between age and stroke severity (r=0.64, p<0.001). Acute mortality was higher among working-age men compared to women of the same age group (15.4% vs. 12.1%, p<0.05). Conclusions: Stroke incidence in Andijan shows a steady upward trend with pronounced age and gender differences. Men of working age and elderly women represent key risk groups. The association between advanced age and greater stroke severity underscores the need for specialized stroke units and targeted preventive strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality.脑卒中仍是全球范围内致死与导致长期残疾的主要病因之一。明确脑卒中发病率的区域年龄与性别特征，对于优化卒中预防策略与医疗资源规划至关重要。 研究目的：基于2023至2025年的三年回顾性研究，分析安集延市脑卒中发病率的动态变化及年龄-性别结构。 资料与方法：本回顾性流行病学分析纳入了2023至2025年安集延市登记在册的6842例首发脑卒中病例。诊断经临床评估及神经影像学检查（CT/MRI）验证。本研究评估了每10万人口的脑卒中发病率、年龄与性别特异性分布，以及缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中的占比。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIH Stroke Scale, NIHSS）评估脑卒中严重程度。统计分析采用SPSS 26.0版本开展线性趋势分析与相关性分析，以p<0.05作为差异具有统计学意义的判定标准。 结果：2023年脑卒中发病率为每10万人口265.1±2.3，2025年升至291.4±2.8，增幅达9.9%（p<0.05）。缺血性脑卒中占比最高（82.4%），其次为出血性脑卒中（14.8%）与蛛网膜下腔出血（2.8%）。在55岁以下人群中，男性占比更高（男女比例1.8:1）；而75岁以上人群中女性占比更高（男女比例1:2.4）。男性脑卒中发病率峰值出现在60~69岁年龄段，女性则为70~79岁年龄段。缺血性脑卒中患者的平均年龄高于出血性脑卒中患者（68.4±1.2岁 vs 61.5±1.8岁，p<0.001）。年龄与脑卒中严重程度呈显著正相关（r=0.64，p<0.001）。劳动年龄男性的急性期死亡率高于同年龄段女性（15.4% vs 12.1%，p<0.05）。 结论：安集延市脑卒中发病率呈稳步上升趋势，且存在显著的年龄与性别差异。劳动年龄男性与老年女性为脑卒中高危人群。高龄与更高的脑卒中严重程度相关，这提示需建立专业化卒中单元并制定针对性预防策略，以降低卒中发病率与死亡率。